Compare and contrast a bacterium and a virus by writing either “Present” or “Absent” for each of the following structures.

What is the difference between a virion and a virus particle?

Compare and contrast diploid cell culture and continuous cell culture.

Which of the following is not an acellular agent?

a. viroid

b. virus

c. rickettsia

d. prion

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Viruses move toward their host cells.

b. Viruses are capable of metabolism.

c. Viruses lack a cytoplasmic membrane.

d. Viruses grow in response to their environmental conditions.

A virus that is specific for a bacterial host is called a __________ .

a. phage

b. prion

c. virion

d. viroid

A naked virus __________  .

a. lacks a membranous envelope

b. has injected its DNA or RNA into a host cell

c. is devoid of capsomeres

d. is one that is unattached to a host cell

Which of the following statements is false?

a. Viruses may have circular DNA.

b. dsRNA is found in bacteria more often than in viruses.

c. Viral DNA may be linear.

d. Typically, viruses have DNA or RNA but not both.

When a eukaryotic cell is infected with an enveloped virus and sheds viruses slowly over time, this infection ___________ .

a. is called a lytic infection

b. is a prophage cycle

c. is called a persistent infection

d. is caused by a quiescent virus

Another name for a complete virus is ___________ .

a. virion

b. viroid

c. prion

d. capsid

Which of the following viruses can be latent?

a. HIV

b. chicken pox virus

c. herpesviruses

d. all of the above

Which of the following is not a criterion for specific family classification of viruses?

a. the type of nucleic acid

b. envelope structure

c. capsid type present

d. lipid composition

A clear zone of phage infection in a bacterial lawn is __________ .

a. a prophage

b. a plaque

c. naked

d. a zone of inhibition

Match each numbered term with its following description.

1. _________ uncoating

2. _________ prophage

3. _________ retrovirus

4. _________ bacteriophage

5. _________ capsid

6. _________ envelope

7. _________ virion

8. _________ provirus

9. _________ benign tumor

10. ________ cancer

A. dormant virus in a eukaryotic cell

B. a virus that infects a bacterium

C. transcribes DNA from RNA

D. protein coat of virus

E. a membrane on the outside of a virus

F. complete viral particle

G. inactive virus within bacterial cell

H. removal of capsomeres from a virion

I. invasive neoplastic cells

J. harmless neoplastic cells

Describe the five phases of a generalized lytic replication cycle.

Why is it difficult to treat viral infections?

Describe four different ways that viral nucleic acid can enter a host cell.

Contrast lysis and budding as means of release of virions from a host cell.

How is a provirus like a prophage? How is it different?

Describe lysogeny.

How are viruses specific for their host’s cells?

Why are humans considered “dead-end” hosts for many arboviruses?

Reoviruses, such as rotaviruses and coltiviruses, are unique in ___________.

a. being naked

b. having double-stranded RNA

c. being both arboviruses and zoonotic

d. having protein spikes

Compare influenzavirus A 2009 (H1N1) to the 1918–1919 pandemic influenzavirus.

Which of the following viruses cause most colds?

a. rhinoviruses

b. parainfluenza viruses

c. pneumoviruses

d. bunyaviruses

Why is AIDS more accurately termed a “syndrome” instead of a “disease”?

Arboviruses are ___________.

a. zoonotic pathogens

b. deactivated viruses used in vaccines

c. viruses that are transmitted to humans via the bite of an arthropod

d. found in arbors

_____A typical host for a togavirus is a horse.

Consider the viruses you studied in this chapter. Which three would you rank as the deadliest?

Negri bodies are associated with which of the following?

a. Marburg virus

b. Hantavirus

c. Coltivirus

d. Rabies virus