Draw the structure for each of the following:
(f) 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent chain: The parent chain is 'octane,' which means it is a straight-chain alkane with 8 carbon atoms (C₈H₁₈).
2. Locate the substituent: The substituent is '4-(1,1-dimethylethyl),' which indicates a tert-butyl group (a carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups) attached to the fourth carbon of the parent chain.
3. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain: Start numbering from the end of the chain closest to the substituent to ensure the substituent gets the lowest possible number. In this case, number the chain from left to right so that the substituent is on carbon 4.
4. Attach the substituent: Draw the tert-butyl group (1,1-dimethylethyl) on the fourth carbon of the octane chain. The tert-butyl group consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups (CH₃).
5. Verify the structure: Ensure that the structure adheres to the IUPAC naming rules, with the correct number of carbons in the parent chain and the substituent properly placed on the fourth carbon.

Key Concepts

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the basic structure of alkanes is essential for drawing and interpreting their molecular representations.

Substituents in Organic Chemistry

Substituents are groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the case of 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane, the substituent is a tert-butyl group (1,1-dimethylethyl) attached to the fourth carbon of the octane chain. Recognizing how to identify and place substituents is crucial for accurately drawing organic structures.

Numbering of Carbon Chains

In organic chemistry, carbon chains are numbered to provide a clear indication of the position of substituents. The numbering starts from the end of the chain closest to the first substituent to ensure the lowest possible numbers. This systematic approach is vital for correctly interpreting and constructing the structure of compounds like 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)octane.