Match each of the ¹H NMR spectra with one of the following compounds:

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Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the chemical shift values (in ppm) on the x-axis of the 1H NMR spectrum. The spectrum ranges from approximately 0 to 3 ppm, which suggests the presence of protons in an aliphatic environment (no aromatic or highly deshielded protons).
2. Step 2: Examine the integration values provided above each peak. The integration values indicate the relative number of protons contributing to each signal: 1H, 2H, 2H, 6H, and 3H. These values correspond to the number of hydrogens in different chemical environments.
3. Step 3: Consider the splitting patterns of the peaks. The splitting patterns (multiplets) are caused by spin-spin coupling with neighboring protons. For example, the 1H peak appears as a multiplet, suggesting it is coupled to adjacent protons. Similarly, the 2H peaks are also multiplets, indicating coupling with nearby protons.
4. Step 4: Match the chemical shift values and integration data to possible functional groups. For instance, the peak at approximately 1 ppm with an integration of 6H likely corresponds to two equivalent methyl groups (-CH3) in a symmetrical environment. The peak at approximately 3 ppm with an integration of 1H may correspond to a proton near an electronegative atom or functional group.
5. Step 5: Use the integration, chemical shift, and splitting data to deduce the structure of the compound. Compare the spectrum to the provided list of compounds and identify the one whose structure matches the observed NMR data. Ensure that the number of protons and their environments align with the spectrum.

Key Concepts

1H NMR Spectroscopy

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms in different environments within a molecule, indicated by peaks in the spectrum. The position of these peaks, measured in parts per million (PPM), reflects the electronic environment surrounding the hydrogen atoms.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the position of a peak in an NMR spectrum, which indicates the electronic environment of the hydrogen atoms. Different functional groups and molecular structures influence the chemical shift, causing protons in different environments to resonate at different frequencies. Understanding chemical shifts is crucial for interpreting the spectrum and identifying the types of hydrogen present in a compound.

Integration and Multiplicity

Integration in 1H NMR refers to the area under each peak, which correlates to the number of hydrogen atoms contributing to that signal. Multiplicity describes the splitting pattern of the peaks, which arises from neighboring hydrogen atoms (n+1 rule). Analyzing both integration and multiplicity helps in deducing the number of hydrogen atoms and their connectivity in the molecular structure.