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Intro to Nucleic Acids quiz #1

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Terms in this set (40)

  • Which base is found only in RNA? Ribose, Thymine, Uracil, Deoxyribose
    Uracil is the base found only in RNA.
  • What is the job of mRNA?
    mRNA transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  • Which molecule is not a type of RNA?
    DNA is not a type of RNA.
  • Which of these is responsible for catalyzing the formation of an RNA primer?
    Primase is responsible for catalyzing the formation of an RNA primer.
  • What is not a difference between DNA and RNA?
    Phosphate group is not a difference between DNA and RNA; both have phosphate groups.
  • What are the components of a nucleotide?
    A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What are the three components of a nucleotide?
    The three components of a nucleotide are a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What is the monomer of DNA?
    The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide.
  • Which is a disadvantage of using DNA technology?
    A disadvantage of using DNA technology is the potential for ethical concerns and privacy issues.
  • Rosalind Franklin used what technique in her study of DNA molecules?
    Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction in her study of DNA molecules.
  • Which types of light are absorbed by genetic material?
    Ultraviolet light is absorbed by genetic material.
  • Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?
    The phosphate groups of a dNTP provide the energy for DNA synthesis.
  • What are the components of a nucleotide?
    A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What are the 3 types of RNA?
    The three types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • Which molecule has codons and is used to tell tRNA which amino acid is needed?
    mRNA has codons and is used to tell tRNA which amino acid is needed.
  • Which is an advantage of using DNA technology?
    An advantage of using DNA technology is the ability to diagnose genetic disorders and develop targeted therapies.
  • What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
    The three parts of a nucleotide are a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Who conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
    Rosalind Franklin conducted the X-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA.
  • Which types of light are not absorbed by genetic material?
    Visible light is not absorbed by genetic material.
  • How many types of RNA are there?
    There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • What is the role of mRNA?
    mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
  • What does the mRNA codon AUG code for?
    The mRNA codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine and serves as the start codon for translation.
  • What are the chemical components of a DNA nucleotide?
    A DNA nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Why is PCR used in the process of DNA sequencing?
    PCR is used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making them easier to study and sequence.
  • Which enzyme covalently links nucleotides together?
    DNA ligase covalently links nucleotides together.
  • What technique used by Wilkins and Franklin helped reveal the structure of DNA?
    X-ray diffraction was the technique used by Wilkins and Franklin to help reveal the structure of DNA.
  • What is the monomer of nucleic acid?
    The monomer of nucleic acid is a nucleotide.
  • How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?
    There are 36 nucleotides in 12 mRNA codons (3 nucleotides per codon).
  • What is a codon?
    A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.
  • What is one way that RNA differs from DNA?
    RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
  • What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
    RNA contains ribose sugar, uracil instead of thymine, and is typically single-stranded, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, thymine, and is double-stranded.
  • What is the monomer (building block) for nucleic acids?
    The monomer for nucleic acids is a nucleotide.
  • What is the monomer (building block) for DNA?
    The monomer for DNA is a nucleotide.
  • Which molecule is not found in RNA: Ribose, Uracil, Thymine, or Phosphate group?
    Thymine is not found in RNA.
  • Which scientist made X-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
    Rosalind Franklin made X-ray diffraction photos of DNA.
  • Rosalind Franklin used what technique in her study of DNA molecules?
    Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction in her study of DNA molecules.
  • The β€œbackbone” of the DNA molecule is made up of two alternating components. What are they?
    The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
  • What is a major difference between RNA and DNA?
    RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine.
  • The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?
    The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups.
  • How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences?
    Restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences at specific recognition sites.