Research & expertise

Extending the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

The Global Scale of English (GSE) builds on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), extending the number and range of Learning Objectives – or ‘Can Do Statements’ – that are included in the CEFR, and providing information to support a far more granular scale.

Whereas the CEFR describes attainment in six broad bands from A1 (low basic) to C2 (fully proficient), the GSE uses a standardised, granular scale from 10 to 90, so learners can see the step-by-step progress they are making and maintain motivation.

More about Learning Objectives

The GSE research series

The papers in this series will cover a wide range of research projects, which aim to objectively explore fundamental components of the GSE.

In our mission to improve learner outcomes, we are focused on providing empirically valid evidence to support our work and in doing so to significantly enhance the advancement of English through ministries, institutions and teachers around the world.

These papers aim to provide that evidence and we welcome feedback from others working in the same fields of language teaching, learning and assessment.

Browse our reports:

Raising standards

90% of teachers we surveyed said that a standard is needed. There's a lack of consistency among countries, and even among institutions within the same country, in success measures, curriculum and pedagogy. Teachers around the world recognize the potential of a single global standard for teaching English.

Raising standards report

GSE vs CEFR comparison chart

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Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs)

We collaborate with an expanding set of external researchers from universities around the world. Our Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) include experts from language testing, psychometrics and teaching who provide feedback, advice and critical assessment.

These independent experts guide our work in developing the GSE and Learning Objectives. They also have oversight of our suite of English language tests, including PTE Academic.

The TAGs serve to ensure that our internal standards are aligned with best international practice, including: ALTE code of Practice, APA code of conduct, Council of Europe’s Manual for Relating Language Examinations to the CEFR, EALTA Guidelines for Good Practice and ILTA Guidelines for Practice. The TAGs also help us ensure we meet provisions set down by external authorities such as OFQUAL, DIAC and the UK Home Office.

The TAGs consist of key stakeholders from the academic and practitioner communities. This enables them to give us insight into external developments in the markets. Where appropriate, they also act as advocates for Pearson in those communities.