The chorionic villi 

(a) Form the umbilical cord

(b) Form the umbilical vein

(c) Form the umbilical arteries

(d) Increase the surface area available for exchange between the placenta and maternal blood

(e) Form the portion of the placenta called the capsular decidua

Identify the two extra-embryonic membranes and the three different regions of the endometrium at week 10 of development in the following diagram.

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a. ___

b. ___

c. ___

d. ___

e. ___

Recessive X-linked traits 

(a) Are passed from fathers to their sons

(b) Are more likely to be expressed in males

(c) Always affect some aspect of the reproductive system

(d) Are never expressed in females

(e) Cannot be passed from mothers to daughters

The stage of development that follows cleavage is the

(a) Blastocyst

(b) Morula

(c) Trophoblast

(d) Blastocoele

The pre-embryo develops into a multicellular complex known as a 

(a) Blastocyst

(b) Trophoblast

(c) Lacuna

(d) Blastomere

The structure(s) that allow(s) active and passive exchange between the fetal and maternal bloodstreams is/are the 

(a) Yolk stalk

(b) Chorionic villi

(c) Umbilical veins

(d) Umbilical arteries

If an allele must be present on both the maternal and paternal chromosomes to affect the phenotype, the allele is said to be 

(a) Dominant

(b) Recessive

(c) Complementary

(d) Heterozygous

What are the four extra-embryonic membranes?

List the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.

What hormonal events are responsible for puberty? Which life stage does puberty initiate?

A normally pigmented woman whose father was an albino marries a normally pigmented man whose mother was an albino. What is the probability that they would have an albino child? 

(a) 50 percent

(b) 25 percent

(c) 12.5 percent

(d) 6.25 percent

(e) 100 percent

Problems involving the formation of the chorion would affect 

(a) The embryo’s ability to produce blood cells

(b) The formation of limbs

(c) The embryo’s ability to derive nutrition from the mother

(d) Lung formation

(e) The urinary system

After implantation, how does the developing embryo obtain nutrients? What structures and processes are involved?

Name the primary placental hormones and their functions.

Distinguish between the following paired terms: 

(b) heterozygous and homozygous, 

Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations. 

(a) Children who exhibit the trait have at least one parent who also exhibits it. 

Hemophilia A, a condition in which blood does not clot properly, is a recessive trait located on the X chromosome (Xʰ). Suppose that a woman who is heterozygous for this trait (XXʰ) has children with a normal male (XY). What is the probability that the couple will have daughters with hemophilia? What is the probability that the couple will have sons with hemophilia?