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03:31Which of the following is a valid difference between embryonic stem cells and the stem cells found in adult tissues?
a. In laboratory culture, only adult stem cells are immortal.
b. In nature, only embryonic stem cells give rise to all the different types of cells in the organism.
c. Only adult stem cells can differentiate in culture.
d. Embryonic stem cells are generally more difficult to grow in culture than adult stem cells.
The control of gene expression is more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because __________. (Explain your answer.)
a. Eukaryotic cells are much smaller
b. In a multicellular eukaryote, different cells are specialized for different functions
c. Prokaryotes are restricted to stable environments
d. Eukaryotes have fewer genes, so each gene must do several jobs
Your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because
a. Each cell contains different kinds of genes.
b. They are present in different organs.
c. Different genes are active in each kind of cell.
d. They contain different numbers of genes.
You obtain an egg cell from the ovary of a white mouse and remove the nucleus from it. You then obtain a nucleus from a liver cell from an adult black mouse. You use the methods of nuclear transplantation to insert the nucleus into the empty egg. After some prompting, the new zygote divides into an early embryo, which you then implant into the uterus of a brown mouse. A few weeks later, a baby mouse is born. What color will it be? Why?
Mutations can alter the function of the lac operon (see Module 11.1). Predict how the following mutations would affect the function of the operon in the presence and absence of lactose:
a. Mutation of the regulatory gene; repressor cannot bind to lactose.
b. Mutation of operator; repressor will not bind to operator.
c. Mutation of regulatory gene; repressor will not bind to operator.
d. Mutation of promoter; RNA polymerase will not attach to promoter.
It took three sheep to create the clone Dolly: A blackface sheep donated the egg, a whiteface sheep donated the mammary cells from which the nucleus was taken, and a blackface sheep served as surrogate. Assuming face color is genetically determined, what color face did Dolly have?
