Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory.
a. All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
b. When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change.
c. In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
d. When a match burns, heat is released

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions of observation, law, and theory. An observation is a statement based on what is perceived or measured. A law is a statement that describes a consistent relationship observed in nature. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence.
2. Step 2: Analyze statement (a): 'All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.' This statement is a theory because it provides an explanation of the nature of matter based on scientific evidence.
3. Step 3: Analyze statement (b): 'When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change.' This statement is an observation because it describes a specific phenomenon that can be measured and verified.
4. Step 4: Analyze statement (c): 'In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed.' This statement is a law, specifically the law of conservation of mass, which describes a consistent and universal principle observed in chemical reactions.
5. Step 5: Analyze statement (d): 'When a match burns, heat is released.' This statement is an observation because it describes a specific event that can be directly perceived and measured.

Key Concepts

Observation

An observation is a statement based on sensory experience or measurement, describing a fact or occurrence without interpretation. For example, 'When a match burns, heat is released' is an observation because it describes a directly perceivable event without explaining why it happens.

Scientific Law

A scientific law is a statement that describes a consistent and universal relationship observed in nature, often expressed mathematically. It predicts what happens under certain conditions but does not explain why. For instance, 'In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed' is a law, known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Scientific Theory

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of evidence and multiple observations. It provides the underlying reasons for phenomena. 'All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms' is a theory, as it explains the composition and behavior of matter at a fundamental level.