Balance each redox reaction occurring in basic aqueous solution. c. NO₂^–(aq) + Al(s) → NH₃(g) + AlO₂^–(aq)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. In this case, NO_2^- is reduced to NH_3, and Al is oxidized to AlO_2^-.
2. Write the reduction half-reaction: NO_2^- \rightarrow NH_3. Balance the atoms other than O and H first, then balance O by adding H_2O, and H by adding H^+. Finally, balance the charge by adding electrons.
3. Write the oxidation half-reaction: Al \rightarrow AlO_2^-. Balance the atoms other than O and H first, then balance O by adding H_2O, and H by adding H^+. Finally, balance the charge by adding electrons.
4. Since the solution is basic, add OH^- to both sides of each half-reaction to neutralize the H^+ ions, forming water. Simplify the water molecules if necessary.
5. Combine the balanced half-reactions, ensuring that the electrons cancel out, to obtain the balanced overall redox reaction.

Key Concepts

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions, or reduction-oxidation reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between two species. In these reactions, one species is oxidized (loses electrons) while the other is reduced (gains electrons). Understanding the oxidation states of the elements involved is crucial for identifying which species undergo oxidation and reduction.

Balancing Redox Reactions in Basic Solution

Balancing redox reactions in basic solutions requires a specific approach. First, the half-reactions for oxidation and reduction are balanced separately. Then, hydroxide ions (OH-) are added to neutralize any hydrogen ions (H+) produced, ensuring that the reaction adheres to the basic conditions. Finally, the overall reaction is combined and simplified.

Half-Reaction Method

The half-reaction method is a systematic way to balance redox reactions by separating the oxidation and reduction processes. Each half-reaction is balanced for mass and charge, allowing for a clear understanding of electron transfer. This method is particularly useful in complex reactions, as it simplifies the balancing process by focusing on one half of the reaction at a time.