Consider the unbalanced equation for the neutralization of acetic acid: HC₂H₃O₂(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → H₂O(l) + Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂(aq) Balance the equation and determine how many moles of Ba(OH)₂ are required to completely neutralize 0.461 mole of HC₂H₃O₂.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical equation: HC_2H_3O_2 (acetic acid) and Ba(OH)_2 (barium hydroxide) react to form H_2O (water) and Ba(C_2H_3O_2)_2 (barium acetate).
2. Write the unbalanced chemical equation: HC_2H_3O_2(aq) + Ba(OH)_2(aq) → H_2O(l) + Ba(C_2H_3O_2)_2(aq).
3. Balance the equation by ensuring the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides. Start by balancing the acetate ions (C_2H_3O_2^-).
4. Determine the stoichiometric coefficients that balance the equation. You will find that 2 moles of HC_2H_3O_2 react with 1 mole of Ba(OH)_2 to produce 2 moles of H_2O and 1 mole of Ba(C_2H_3O_2)_2.
5. Use the balanced equation to calculate the moles of Ba(OH)_2 needed: Since 2 moles of HC_2H_3O_2 react with 1 mole of Ba(OH)_2, divide the moles of HC_2H_3O_2 (0.461 moles) by 2 to find the moles of Ba(OH)_2 required.

Key Concepts

Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this case, acetic acid (HC2H3O2) reacts with barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) to form water (H2O) and barium acetate (Ba(C2H3O2)2). Understanding the nature of neutralization is essential for balancing the chemical equation and determining the stoichiometric relationships between reactants and products.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing a chemical equation involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products. For the given reaction, balancing is crucial to accurately reflect the stoichiometry of the neutralization process, which will help in calculating the moles of Ba(OH)2 needed.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate the amount of reactants required or products formed based on the balanced equation. In this scenario, knowing the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation will enable us to determine how many moles of Ba(OH)2 are necessary to neutralize 0.461 moles of acetic acid.