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Mapping with Markers definitions

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  • Molecular Marker
    A DNA segment with unique, identifiable properties that differ among individuals, enabling the mapping of chromosomal regions without relying on phenotypes.
  • Polymorphism
    A genetic variation present in a population, resulting in differences in DNA sequences among individuals, useful for distinguishing markers.
  • Restriction Enzyme
    A protein that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cuts DNA at those sites, generating fragments of varying lengths based on sequence differences.
  • Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
    A variation in DNA fragment sizes produced by restriction enzymes, reflecting sequence differences and serving as a molecular marker.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    A laboratory technique that separates DNA fragments by size, allowing visualization and comparison of marker patterns among individuals.
  • Recombination Frequency
    A measure of how often genetic material is exchanged during mating, used to estimate distances between markers on chromosomes.
  • Linkage Map
    A diagram showing the relative positions of genetic markers on a chromosome, constructed using recombination data rather than phenotypes.
  • Microsatellite
    A short, repetitive DNA sequence, such as a CA repeat, that varies in length and position among individuals and serves as a genetic marker.
  • PCR
    A technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences, enabling detection and analysis of molecular markers like microsatellites.
  • Southern Blotting
    A method for detecting specific DNA sequences within a sample, useful for identifying the presence and length of molecular markers.
  • Genotype
    The genetic constitution of an individual at a specific locus, which can be inferred by analyzing molecular marker patterns.
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
    A DNA sequence variation involving a single base change, contributing to individual differences and affecting restriction enzyme recognition.
  • Duplication
    A genetic event where a DNA segment is copied, leading to increased fragment length and variation detectable by molecular markers.
  • Deletion
    A loss of a DNA segment, resulting in shorter fragments and contributing to polymorphism among individuals.
  • Pedigree
    A diagram representing familial relationships and inheritance patterns, used to track marker segregation across generations.