Determine how many ATPs you would make if you consumed a tetrapeptide comprised of leucine, histidine, valine, and lysine. Have each member of your group take one of the four amino acids and determine the number of ATPs their amino acid would make and combine them to get the total.

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All right. Hello everyone. So this question says to determine how many A PS you would make if you consumed a tetrapeptide comprised of methane prolene, leucine and asparagine. Assume one equals three at P one fa H two equals two at P. Don't include ATP produced or consumed from alpha keto aid transformations before entering the citric acid cycle. All right. So this question is about the metabolism of amino acids. So what are the fates or potential fates of amino acids during various metabolic pathways? And is a TP produced or consumed during either of those steps? So, first and foremost, what are the relevant steps of amino acid metabolism? We'll recall that there are two main ones. First, we have hydrolysis of the tetrapeptide to release those amino acids individually. And then from there, we have the various steps with which those amino acids can be further metabolized. So we'll say that we have the hydrolysis of the peptide itself. And then after those amino acids have been released, they each undergo their own metabolism. So before moving on with the rest of this question, I just want to very quickly point out that the hydrolysis of the peptide itself has no a TP associated with it. So there's no A TP produced and there's no a TP consumed either. So for our purposes, we can disregard this. So now the question is, how can amino acids be further metabolized? Well, recall that we have a few different options. First, we have transamination which involves transferring the amino group of the amino acid to an alpha keto acid. After that, we have what's known as oxidative de Amin nation or the amino acid in question, can enter the urea cycle. So let me actually move this closer to the center. And now let's talk about the products or maybe if A TP has to be consumed during each of these processes starting off with transamination in transamination, no A TP is associated with this step. So no A TP is produced and no A TP is consumed either. Now oxidative deaminate. On the other hand, does produce one molecule of N A DH. So for oxidative deaminate, we have one N A DH as a byproduct's given here equals three A TP. On the other hand, the urea cycle actually consumes three at P. So if you add up the ATP associated with these possible steps for amino acid metabolism, the net count is actually zero. Why? Because the three A P produced from oxidative deaminate gets canceled out by the three A TP consumed from the urea cycle. So there's zero net at TP here So now the question is how much A TP can be generated from each amino acid potentially entering the citric acid cycle. And the answer is that depends on where the amino acid enters. In other words, which phase of the citric acid cycle the amino acid enters. So here, but before we talk about each specific amino acid and its role in the citric acid cycle, we have to recall how much ATP is produced at various points during the citric acid cycle. So let me scroll down again to open up some more space. So what are the ATP producing steps of the citric acid cycle? Let's recall first, we have the conversion of alpha ketoglutarate to succinate this if you recall produces two molecules of NAH. And because each molecule of an A DH produces three A TP molecules that adds up to six A TP molecules produced from this step. Now, on the other hand, another step that involves the production of ATP is the conversion of succinyl coa two fumarate. As a consequence of this step, we end up producing one molecule of ATP directly or GTP, but they are considered equivalent and one molecule of FA DH two. And the conversion for FA DH two is equivalent to two A TP. So we multiply that by two. So what molecule of A TP again equivalent to GTP and one FA DH two ultimately equals three A TP made from this specific step. Now, there's one more step. And that step is the conversion of hum two oxalic acetate. This produces one molecule of nah, which once again is equal to three molecules of A P. So that's three molecules of A TP from this final step. OK. So now our task is to understand where each of these amino acids enters the citric acid cycle and therefore how much ATP they are involved in producing. So let's start with each individual amino acid and then calculate the amount for each starting off with Metheny. Now, methionine, if you recall enters the citric acid cycle as one molecule of succinylate. And so because it enters as Suo Koe, it does not participate in the first energy producing step listed here, which results in six molecules of A TP rather once methionine enters the citric acid cycle, its involved in the production of fumarate from Sueno A and oxalic acetate from fumarate. So here we take that one equivalent of Sue and multiply that by the sum of ATP produced from the two steps it's involved in. So that's three added to three and this ultimately equals six ATP molecules produced from methane specifically. So just to go ahead and reiterate because methionine enters the citric acid cycle as succinyl coa it's only available to participate in half of the energy generating steps. But the same cannot be said for the others, for example, moving on now to proline prolene is involved or rather enters the cycle as one equivalent of alpha keto gid. This means that it's going to participate or it's going to be involved in all three of the steps that we talked about earlier. So multiplying that one molecule of alpha ketoglutarate by the sum of 63 and three, which is the A P produced from the aforementioned steps that ultimately equals 12 ATP produced from prolene. Moving on now to leucine, leucine is going to yield three molecules of aceto coa. So doing this math right, that's three molecules of aceto coa multiplied by the sum of our energy producing steps. So that's 63 and three. So 12 multiplied by three equals 36 molecules of A TP produced from Lucy. And last but not least we have asparagine. So a spare gene is involved or rather enters a citric acid cycle as one molecule of oxalic acetate. So here we have one molecule of oxalic acetate involved in producing or rather it's going to be involved in all of the energy generating steps. So once again, that's going to be 12, multiplied by one equals 12 at P. So ultimately, the sum of these steps, the sum of each contribution from each amino acid is going to be the sum of 6, 1236 and 12, which ultimately equals 66 A P. And I'm going to write that out again at the top here. So that's 66 A P and there you have it. So if you watch this video all the way through. Thank you so very much. And I hope you found this helpful.

Determine how many ATPs you would make if you consumed a tetrapeptide comprised of leucine, histidine, valine, and lysine. Have each member of your group take one of the four amino acids and determine the number of ATPs their amino acid would make and combine them to get the total.

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Key Concepts

Amino Acid Catabolism

ATP Yield from Amino Acids

Tetrapeptide Structure and Composition