Textbook Question
Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.
a. The structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the substrate.
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Ch.10 Proteins Workers of the Cell
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696
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Table of contents
- Ch.4 Introduction to Organic Compounds75
- Ch.5 Chemical Reactions19
- Ch.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet Molecules62
- Ch.7 States of Matter and Their Attractive Forces8
- Ch.8 Solution Chemistry Sugar and Water Do Mix4
- Ch.10 Proteins Workers of the Cell89
- Ch.11 Nucleic Acids Big Molecules with a Big Role69
- Ch.12 Food as Fuel An Overview of Metabolism65
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 6, Problem 56a
Give the name and three-letter abbreviation for the amino acid described by each of the following:
a. the nonpolar amino acid with a sulfur atom in its side chain
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recall that amino acids are classified based on the properties of their side chains, such as being nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic. Nonpolar amino acids typically have hydrophobic side chains.
Step 2: Identify the amino acid with a sulfur atom in its side chain. Sulfur-containing amino acids include methionine and cysteine. Among these, methionine is nonpolar, while cysteine is polar due to its ability to form disulfide bonds.
Step 3: Confirm that methionine is the correct amino acid for this description because it has a nonpolar side chain containing a sulfur atom.
Step 4: Determine the three-letter abbreviation for methionine. The standard abbreviation for methionine is 'Met'.
Step 5: Conclude that the name of the amino acid is methionine, and its three-letter abbreviation is 'Met'.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group) that determines its properties. There are 20 standard amino acids, categorized into polar, nonpolar, acidic, and basic groups based on their side chains.
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Nonpolar Amino Acids
Nonpolar amino acids have side chains that are hydrophobic, meaning they do not interact well with water. These amino acids tend to cluster together in the interior of proteins, stabilizing their structure through hydrophobic interactions. Examples include alanine, valine, and leucine, but the specific amino acid in the question is cysteine, which contains a sulfur atom in its side chain.
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Cysteine
Cysteine is a nonpolar amino acid characterized by the presence of a thiol (-SH) group in its side chain, which contains sulfur. This unique feature allows cysteine to form disulfide bonds with other cysteine residues, contributing to the stabilization of protein structures. The three-letter abbreviation for cysteine is 'Cys'.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.
c. The inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site.
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Textbook Question
Indicate whether each of the following describes a competitive or a noncompetitive inhibitor.
e. Adding more substrate to the reaction restores the enzyme activity.
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Textbook Question
Give the name and three-letter abbreviation for the amino acid described by each of the following:
a. the polar amino acid with a benzene ring in its side chain
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Textbook Question
Give the name and three-letter abbreviation for the amino acid described by each of the following:
c. the polar amino acid with a sulfur atom in its side chain
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Textbook Question
Aspartame, which is commonly known as NutraSweet™, contains the following dipeptide:
d. Draw the structure of the isomer of this dipeptide where the C-terminal and N-terminal amino acids are switched.
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