Textbook Question
In the following addition reactions, are the given alkyl halides obtained as the major products? Give a reason for your answer.
a. 3-Chloro-3-ethylpentane from addition of HCl to 3-ethyl-2-pentene
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Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 13, Problem 20
Draw structures corresponding to the following names (refer to Table 13.2 if necessary):
a. m-Chloronitrobenzene
b. o-Nitrotoluene
c. p-Methylaniline
d. p-Nitrophenol
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the naming conventions for aromatic compounds. The prefixes 'm-', 'o-', and 'p-' refer to the positions of substituents on a benzene ring. 'm-' (meta) means the substituents are on carbons 1 and 3, 'o-' (ortho) means they are on carbons 1 and 2, and 'p-' (para) means they are on carbons 1 and 4.
Step 2: For m-Chloronitrobenzene, start with a benzene ring. Place a chlorine atom (Cl) on one carbon and a nitro group (NO₂) on the meta position (carbon 3 relative to the chlorine).
Step 3: For o-Nitrotoluene, start with a benzene ring. Place a methyl group (CH₃) on one carbon and a nitro group (NO₂) on the ortho position (carbon 2 relative to the methyl group).
Step 4: For p-Methylaniline, start with a benzene ring. Place an amino group (NH₂) on one carbon and a methyl group (CH₃) on the para position (carbon 4 relative to the amino group).
Step 5: For p-Nitrophenol, start with a benzene ring. Place a hydroxyl group (OH) on one carbon and a nitro group (NO₂) on the para position (carbon 4 relative to the hydroxyl group).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Understanding the nomenclature of organic compounds is essential for interpreting chemical names. This involves recognizing prefixes, suffixes, and the significance of substituents in the structure. For example, 'm-', 'o-', and 'p-' indicate the positions of substituents on a benzene ring, which is crucial for drawing the correct structures.
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Introduction to Organic Chemistry Concept 1
Benzene Derivatives
Benzene derivatives are compounds that contain a benzene ring with various substituents. The properties and reactivity of these compounds can vary significantly based on the nature and position of the substituents. Familiarity with common derivatives like nitro and methyl groups helps in accurately constructing their structures.
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Structural Representation of Organic Molecules
Structural representation involves illustrating the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. This can be done through various methods, such as Lewis structures or skeletal formulas. Accurately representing the connectivity and geometry of atoms is vital for understanding the chemical behavior and properties of the compounds in question.
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2:26Introduction to Organic Chemistry Concept 1
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw the structures of the two different alkenes from which 3-methyl-3-pentanol, shown in the margin, can be made. Draw them in both condensed and line format.
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Textbook Question
The structure of vinyl acetate is shown below (the partial structure H2C=CH-is known as a vinyl group). When polymerized it produces poly(vinyl acetate), a polymer used for the springy soles in running shoes. Draw the structure of the polymer obtained if three vinyl acetate units underwent polymerization.
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Textbook Question
Reaction of Br2 and FeBr3 with phenol can lead to three possible substitution products. Show the structure of each and name them.
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Textbook Question
Draw the product from reaction of the following substances with (1) Br2 and FeBr3 and (2) SO3 and H2SO4 catalyst (red=O):
(a) <IMAGE>
(b) <IMAGE>
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Textbook Question
Alkynes undergo hydrogenation to give alkanes, just as alkenes do. Draw and name the products that would result from hydrogenation of the alkynes shown in Problem 13.25.
<IMAGE>
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