Textbook Question
If the sequence T-A-C-C-C-T appears on the informational strand of DNA, what sequence appears opposite it on the template strand? Label your answer with 3′ and 5′ ends.
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Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 26, Problem 69
There are different tRNAs for each amino acid. What is one major way to differentiate among the tRNAs for each amino acid?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that tRNAs (transfer RNAs) are molecules that help decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein during translation. Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid.
Recognize that the key feature distinguishing different tRNAs is their anticodon region, a sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA.
Note that the anticodon sequence ensures that the tRNA binds to the correct codon on the mRNA, which corresponds to the amino acid it carries.
Another distinguishing feature is the structure of the tRNA molecule, particularly the acceptor stem, where the specific amino acid is attached by an enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
Finally, understand that each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is highly specific to both the tRNA and its corresponding amino acid, ensuring accurate pairing during protein synthesis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA Structure
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. Each tRNA has a specific three-dimensional structure that includes an anticodon region, which pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, and an amino acid attachment site. The unique structure of each tRNA allows it to carry a specific amino acid, which is essential for protein synthesis.
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Amino Acid Specificity
Each tRNA is linked to a specific amino acid, which is determined by the tRNA's anticodon sequence. The enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA, ensuring that the right amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during translation. This specificity is crucial for maintaining the integrity of protein synthesis.
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Codon-Anticodon Interaction
The interaction between codons on the mRNA and anticodons on the tRNA is fundamental for the translation process. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon, allowing it to recognize and bind to the correct sequence during protein synthesis. This interaction not only ensures the correct amino acid is added but also plays a role in the overall fidelity of translation.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What tetrapeptide is synthesized from the informational DNA sequence G-T-C-A-G-T-A-C-G-T-T-A?
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Textbook Question
What is the general shape and structure of a tRNA molecule?
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Textbook Question
Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must be present in the informational DNA strand to code for preproinsulin (assuming no introns are present)?
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Textbook Question
Suppose that 22% of the nucleotides of a DNA molecule are deoxyadenosine and during replication the relative amounts of available deoxynucleoside triphosphates are 22% dATP, 22% dCTP, 28% dGTP, and 28% dTTP. What deoxynucleoside triphosphate is limiting to the replication? Explain.
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