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문제 1
Which of the following is (are) true concerning the atomic nucleus?
a. It contains the mass of the atom.
b. The negatively charged subatomic particles are here.
c. Subatomic particles can be ejected.
d. It contains subatomic particles that determine atomic number.
e. It contains subatomic particles that interact with other atoms.
문제 2
Pick out the correct match(es) of element and number of valence electrons. Draw a planetary model of each atom to help you choose the best answer.
a. Oxygen—6
b. Chlorine—8
c. Phosphorus—5
d. Nitrogen—3
e. Carbon—4
문제 3
Important functions of water include which of the following?
a. Provides cushioning
b. Acts as a transport medium
c. Participates in chemical reactions
d. Acts as a solvent for sugars, salts, and other solutes
e. Reduces temperature fluctuations
문제 4
Alkaline substances include which of the following?
a. Gastric juice
b. Water
c. Blood
d. Lemon juice
e. Ammonia
문제 5
Glucose is to starch as:
a. A steroid is to a lipid
b. A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
c. An amino acid is to a protein
d. A polypeptide is to an amino acid
문제 6
What lipid type is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin?
a. Triglyceride
b. Steroid
c. Vitamin D
d. Phospholipid
e. Prostaglandin
문제 7
Absence of which of the following nitrogen-containing bases would prevent RNA synthesis?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Guanine
d. Thymine
e. Uracil
문제 9
The element(s) essential for normal thyroid function is/are:
a. Iodine
b. Iron
c. Copper
d. Selenium
e. Zinc
문제 10
Factors that increase the speed of chemical reactions include:
a. Increasing the temperature
b. Increasing the particle size
c. Increasing the concentration of the reactants
d. Catalysts
문제 11
Which of the following forms the basic structure of cell membranes?
Which is the basis for producing sex hormones?
문제 12
Matter occupies space and has mass. Explain how energy must be described in terms of these two factors. Then define energy.
문제 13
Name and provide the atomic symbols of the four elements that make up the bulk of all living matter. Which of these is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids?
문제 15
Define radioactivity. If an element has three isotopes, which of them (the lightest, the one with an intermediate mass, or the heaviest) is most likely to be a radioisotope, and why?
문제 16
Define molecule as it relates to molecular substances and compounds.
문제 17
Describe how the two 'generic' atoms shown below would form an ionic bond. Include in your answer where electrons come from, where they go, and why.
문제 18
What are hydrogen bonds, and how are they important in the body?
문제 19
Identify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or exchange reaction:
2Hg + O₂ 2HgO
Fe²¹ + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu²¹
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻
문제 20
Distinguish inorganic from organic compounds, and list the major categories of each in the body.
문제 21
Define pH. The pH range of blood is from 7.35 to 7.45. Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence: This is slightly (acidic / basic).
문제 24
Mrs. Roberts, who is in a diabetic coma, has just been admitted to Noble Hospital. Her blood pH indicates that she is in severe acidosis (blood pH in the acid range), and the medical staff quickly institute measures to bring her blood pH back within normal limits. Note the normal pH of blood, and discuss why severe acidosis is a problem.
문제 25
Sarah has a lower than normal amount of body fat. She tends to be chilly except on very hot days. Lauren has a higher than normal amount of body fat and tends to feel overheated most of the time. Explain the relative sensitivity to environmental temperature of these two women on the basis of information you have been given in the Organic Compounds section of this chapter.
문제 26
Pediatricians become concerned about the potential for brain damage when an infant's temperature approaches 105°F. Which class of organic molecules is most likely to be damaged by high temperature? Explain why.
