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문제 36
Classify each of the following statements as either true or false: (a) A hydrogen atom in the n = 3 state can emit light at only two specific wavelengths (b) a hydrogen atom in the n = 2 state is at a lower energy than one in the n = 1 state (c) the energy of an emitted photon equals the energy difference of the two states involved in the emission.
문제 37a,c
Is energy emitted or absorbed when the following electronic transitions occur in hydrogen? (a) from n = 3 to n = 2 (c) an electron adds to the H+ ion and ends up in the n = 2 shell?
문제 37b
Is energy emitted or absorbed when the following electronic transitions occur in hydrogen? (b) from an orbit of radius 0.846 nm to one of radius 0.212 nm
문제 38a,c
Indicate whether energy is emitted or absorbed when the following electronic transitions occur in hydrogen: (a) from n = 2 to n = 3 (c) from the n = 9 to the n = 6 state.
문제 39a
(a) Using Equation 6.5, calculate the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom when n = 3 and when n = 6. Calculate the wavelength of the radiation released when an electron moves from n = 6 to n = 3.
문제 39b
(b) Is this line in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
문제 40b2
Consider a transition of the electron in the hydrogen atom from n = 8 to n = 3. (b) Will the light be absorbed or emitted?
문제 41a
The visible emission lines observed by Balmer all involved nf = 2. (a) Which of the following is the best explanation of why the lines with nf = 3 are not observed in the visible portion of the spectrum: (i) Transitions to nf = 3 are not allowed to happen, (ii) transitions to nf = 3 emit photons in the infrared portion of the spectrum, (iii) transitions to nf = 3 emit photons in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, or (iv) transitions to nf = 3 emit photons that are at exactly the same wavelengths as those to nf = 2.
문제 41b
The visible emission lines observed by Balmer all involved nf = 2. (b) Calculate the wavelengths of the first three lines in the Balmer series—those for which ni = 3, 4, and 5—and identify these lines in the emission spectrum shown in Figure 6.11.
문제 42a
The Lyman series of emission lines of the hydrogen atom are those for which nf = 1. (a) Determine the region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the lines of the Lyman series are observed.
문제 42b
The Lyman series of emission lines of the hydrogen atom are those for which nf = 1. (b) Calculate the wavelengths of the first three lines in the Lyman series—those for which ni = 2, 3, and 4.
문제 43a
One of the emission lines of the hydrogen atom has a wavelength of 94.974 nm. (a) In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this emission found?
문제 43b
One of the emission lines of the hydrogen atom has a wavelength of 94.974 nm. (b) Determine the initial and final values of n associated with this emission.
문제 44a
The hydrogen atom can absorb light of wavelength 1094 nm. (a) In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this absorption found?
문제 44b
The hydrogen atom can absorb light of wavelength 1094 nm. (b) Determine the final value of n associated with this absorption.
문제 45
Order the following transitions in the hydrogen atom from smallest to largest frequency of light absorbed: n = 3 to n = 7, n = 4 to n = 8, n = 2 to n = 5, and n = 1 to n = 3.
- Write the electron configurations for the following ions, and determine which have noble-gas configurations: (a) Ti2+ (b) Br- (c) Mg2+ (d) Po2- (e) Pt2+ (f) V3+
문제 46
문제 47a,b
Use the de Broglie relationship to determine the wavelengths of the following objects: (a) an 85-kg person skiing at 50 km/hr (b) a 10.0-g bullet fired at 250 m/s
문제 47c,d
Use the de Broglie relationship to determine the wavelengths of the following objects: (c) a lithium atom moving at 2.5 × 105 m/s (d) an ozone (O3) molecule in the upper atmosphere moving at 550 m/s.
문제 48
Among the elementary subatomic particles of physics is the muon, which decays within a few microseconds after formation. The muon has a rest mass 206.8 times that of an electron. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength associated with a muon traveling at 8.85 * 105 cm/s.
- Neutron diffraction is an important technique for determining the structures of molecules. Calculate the velocity of a neutron needed to achieve a wavelength of 125 pm. (Refer to the inside cover for the mass of the neutron.)
문제 49
문제 51a
Using Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, calculate the uncertainty in the position of (a) a 1.50-mg mosquito moving at a speed of 1.40 m/s if the speed is known to within {0.01 m/s;
문제 51b
Using Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, calculate the uncertainty in the position of (b) a proton moving at a speed of 15.00 { 0.012 * 104 m/s. (The mass of a proton is given in the table of fundamental constants in the inside cover of the text.)
문제 52a,b
Calculate the uncertainty in the position of (a) an electron moving at a speed of 13.00 ± 0.012 × 105 m/s (b) a neutron moving at this same speed. (The masses of an electron and a neutron are given in the table of fundamental constants in the inside cover of the text.)
문제 55a
(a) For n = 4, what are the possible values of l?
문제 56
How many unique combinations of the quantum numbers l and ml are there when (a) n = 1 (b) n = 5?
문제 57a,b,c
Give the numerical values of n and l corresponding to each of the following orbital designations: (a) 3p (b) 2s (c) 4f
문제 57d
Give the numerical values of n and l corresponding to each of the following orbital designations: (d) 5d.
문제 58
Give the values for n, l, and ml for (a) each orbital in the 3p subshell, (b) each orbital in the 4f subshell.
문제 59a
A certain orbital of the hydrogen atom has n = 4 and l = 3. (a) What are the possible values of ml for this orbital?