For chlorine, identify the group number, give the number of electrons in each occupied shell, and write its valence-shell configuration.

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Determine the group number of chlorine by locating it on the periodic table. Chlorine is in Group 17 (or Group VIIA in older notations), which is part of the halogens.

Identify the total number of electrons in a neutral chlorine atom. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, meaning it has 17 protons and, in a neutral atom, 17 electrons.

Distribute the 17 electrons into the appropriate electron shells based on the 2n² rule. The first shell (n=1) can hold up to 2 electrons, the second shell (n=2) can hold up to 8 electrons, and the remaining electrons will go into the third shell (n=3).

Write the number of electrons in each occupied shell. For chlorine, the distribution is: 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell, and 7 electrons in the third shell.

Write the valence-shell configuration for chlorine. The valence shell is the outermost shell, which is the third shell in this case. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, and its valence-shell configuration is:

{3s}^{2} {3p}^{5}

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주요 개념

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Group Number

The group number in the periodic table indicates the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell of an element. Chlorine is located in Group 17 (or VIIA), which means it has seven valence electrons. This classification helps predict the element's chemical behavior and reactivity.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons among the various atomic orbitals. For chlorine, the electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵, indicating that it has two electrons in the first shell, eight in the second, and five in the third. This configuration is crucial for understanding how chlorine interacts with other elements.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and are responsible for chemical bonding. For chlorine, the valence-shell configuration is 3s² 3p⁵, reflecting its seven valence electrons. These electrons play a key role in determining how chlorine will bond with other elements, particularly in forming compounds.