Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest victims sometimes involves injection of a calcium chloride solution directly into the heart muscle. How many grams of CaCl₂ are administered in an injection of 5.0 mL of a 5.0% (m/v) solution? How many milliequivalents of Ca²⁺?

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Determine the mass of CaCl₂ in the solution using the percent concentration formula: \( \text{mass of solute} = \text{percent concentration} \times \text{volume of solution} \). Here, the percent concentration is 5.0% (m/v), which means 5.0 g of CaCl₂ per 100 mL of solution. Use the given volume of 5.0 mL to calculate the mass of CaCl₂.

Convert the mass of CaCl₂ obtained in step 1 into moles using the molar mass of CaCl₂. The molar mass of CaCl₂ can be calculated as \( \text{molar mass of CaCl₂} = \text{atomic mass of Ca} + 2 \times \text{atomic mass of Cl} \).

Determine the moles of Ca²⁺ ions produced. Since each formula unit of CaCl₂ dissociates into one Ca²⁺ ion and two Cl⁻ ions, the moles of Ca²⁺ ions will be equal to the moles of CaCl₂.

Convert the moles of Ca²⁺ ions into milliequivalents (mEq). The milliequivalents are calculated using the formula \( \text{mEq} = \text{moles of ion} \times \text{valence} \times 1000 \). For Ca²⁺, the valence is 2.

Summarize the results: the mass of CaCl₂ administered and the milliequivalents of Ca²⁺ ions delivered. Ensure the units are consistent and clearly stated.

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주요 개념

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Mass/Volume Percentage (m/v)

Mass/volume percentage (m/v) is a concentration measurement that expresses the mass of solute in grams per 100 mL of solution. In this case, a 5.0% (m/v) solution means there are 5 grams of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) in every 100 mL of the solution. This concept is essential for calculating the total mass of solute in a given volume of solution.

Calculating Grams from Volume

To find the grams of solute in a specific volume of a solution, you can use the formula: grams = (percentage/100) × volume (mL). For a 5.0% (m/v) solution, if you have 5.0 mL, you would calculate the grams of CaCl₂ by multiplying 5.0% by 5.0 mL, allowing you to determine the exact amount of solute administered in the injection.

Milliequivalents of Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺)

Milliequivalents (mEq) measure the amount of a substance based on its chemical activity or reactivity, particularly in relation to ions. For calcium ions (Ca²⁺), 1 mole of Ca²⁺ is equivalent to 2 equivalents due to its +2 charge. To convert grams of CaCl₂ to milliequivalents of Ca²⁺, you need to calculate the number of moles of CaCl₂ and then multiply by 2, reflecting the number of Ca²⁺ ions produced.

Emergency treatment of cardiac arrest victims sometimes involves injection of a calcium chloride solution directly into the heart muscle. How many grams of CaCl2 are administered in an injection of 5.0 mL of a 5.0% (m/v) solution? How many milliequivalents of Ca2+?