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Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
McMurry - Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.15 Aldehydes and Ketones문제 4
15장, 문제 4

Give systematic, IUPAC names for the following compounds. Redraw each in line structure format.
a.
b.
c.
d. Dipropyl ketone

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The task is to provide systematic IUPAC names for the given compounds and redraw them in line structure format. The compounds include functional groups such as ketones (C=O) and alkanes. We will name each compound systematically following IUPAC rules.
Step 2: Analyze compound (a): CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂C=O. This is a straight-chain molecule with a ketone functional group at the end. Identify the longest carbon chain (5 carbons) and number the chain such that the ketone group gets the lowest possible number. The suffix for ketones is '-one'.
Step 3: Analyze compound (b): CH₃CH₂C=OCH₂CH₃. This is a ketone with a total of 5 carbons. Identify the longest carbon chain (5 carbons) and number it such that the ketone group gets the lowest number. The suffix '-one' is used for ketones, and the position of the ketone group is indicated by a number.
Step 4: Analyze compound (c): CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂C=O. This is a ketone with a total of 6 carbons. Identify the longest carbon chain (6 carbons) and number it such that the ketone group gets the lowest number. Note the methyl group (-CH₃) branching off the main chain. Use the prefix 'methyl-' to indicate the branch and specify its position.
Step 5: Analyze compound (d): Dipropyl ketone. This is a common name for a ketone with two propyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Convert this to its systematic IUPAC name by identifying the longest carbon chain and numbering it such that the ketone group gets the lowest number. Use the suffix '-one' for the ketone group.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the structure of the compound. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining functional groups, and applying rules for naming based on the type of compound, such as alkanes, alkenes, or ketones. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately naming organic compounds.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
3:18
IUPAC Naming Concept 3

Line Structure Representation

Line structure representation is a simplified way of drawing organic molecules where carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are often omitted for clarity. This method allows chemists to visualize the connectivity of atoms in a compound without cluttering the diagram with hydrogen atoms. Mastery of this representation is crucial for interpreting and communicating molecular structures effectively.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
2:08
Molecular Representations Concept 1

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and alkyl groups (R-). Recognizing functional groups is vital for understanding the properties and reactivity of organic compounds, as they dictate how the compound behaves in chemical reactions.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
1:11
Functional Group Priorities Concept 1
관련 실천
교과서 질문

What ketones or aldehydes might be reduced to yield the following alcohols?

a.

b.

c. HOCH2–CH2–CH2OH

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교과서 질문

Draw structures corresponding to the following names:

a. Octanal

b. Methyl phenyl ketone

c. 4-Methylhexanal

d. Methyl tert-butyl ketone

1108
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교과서 질문

Which of the following molecules contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups? You may want to refer to Table 15.1, Table 12.1, and Figure 15.3 to help in your identification. Copy the formulas and circle these functional groups.

a.

b.

c.

d. C4H9COCH3

e. C4H9CHO

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교과서 질문

Why do aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols with similar molecular weights? Why are their boiling points higher than those of alkanes with similar molecular weights?

48
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교과서 질문

For each compound shown next (a–d), indicate whether the compound is polar or nonpolar, and whether it is soluble or insoluble in water.

a.

b.

c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

d.

26
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