Do the following compounds have the E or the Z configuration?
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Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the E/Z nomenclature. The E/Z system is used to describe the stereochemistry of double bonds. 'E' stands for 'entgegen' (opposite), meaning the highest priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. 'Z' stands for 'zusammen' (together), meaning the highest priority groups are on the same side of the double bond.
2. Step 2: Assign priorities to the substituents on each carbon of the double bond using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules. These rules state that the atom with the higher atomic number directly attached to the double bond gets higher priority. If the atoms are the same, move outward to the next set of atoms until a difference is found.
3. Step 3: Determine the spatial arrangement of the highest priority groups. Look at the double bond and identify whether the highest priority groups are on the same side (Z configuration) or on opposite sides (E configuration).
4. Step 4: If the problem provides specific compounds, analyze the substituents attached to the double bond in each compound. Apply the priority rules to each substituent and compare their positions relative to the double bond.
5. Step 5: Once the priorities and spatial arrangement are determined, assign the configuration (E or Z) to each compound based on the positions of the highest priority groups.

Key Concepts

E/Z Configuration

E/Z configuration is a method of describing the stereochemistry of alkenes based on the priority of substituents attached to the double bond. The 'E' (entgegen) configuration indicates that the highest priority groups are on opposite sides, while the 'Z' (zusammen) configuration indicates they are on the same side. This system is crucial for understanding the geometric isomerism in alkenes.

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules

The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules are used to assign priority to substituents based on atomic number and connectivity. The atom with the higher atomic number receives higher priority. If the first atoms are the same, the priority is determined by the next atoms in the substituent chain, which is essential for determining E/Z configurations.

Geometric Isomerism

Geometric isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms. In alkenes, this is primarily due to the restricted rotation around the double bond, leading to distinct E and Z isomers. Understanding this concept is vital for predicting the physical and chemical properties of the compounds.