Draw the structure for each of the following:
d. tert-pentyl alcohol

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the name 'tert-pentyl alcohol'. The prefix 'tert-' indicates a tertiary carbon atom is attached to the hydroxyl (-OH) group. 'Pentyl' refers to a five-carbon chain, and 'alcohol' indicates the presence of an -OH group.
2. Step 2: Start by drawing a tertiary carbon atom. A tertiary carbon is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Place the hydroxyl (-OH) group on this tertiary carbon.
3. Step 3: Add the remaining carbon atoms to complete the five-carbon chain. Ensure that the total number of carbons in the structure is five, including the tertiary carbon.
4. Step 4: Verify the structure by counting the total number of carbons and hydrogens to ensure it matches the molecular formula for tert-pentyl alcohol (C5H12O).
5. Step 5: Confirm that the hydroxyl group is attached to the tertiary carbon and that the structure adheres to the IUPAC naming conventions for tert-pentyl alcohol.

Key Concepts

Alcohol Functional Group

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. The functional group is responsible for the properties of alcohols, including their ability to form hydrogen bonds, which affects their boiling points and solubility in water.

Tertiary Alcohols

Tertiary alcohols are a subtype of alcohols where the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group is also attached to three other carbon atoms. This structure influences their reactivity and stability, making them less prone to oxidation compared to primary and secondary alcohols.

Structural Representation

In organic chemistry, structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. For tert-pentyl alcohol, the structure can be drawn using line-angle formulas, which simplify the representation of carbon chains and functional groups, allowing for easier visualization of the compound's connectivity.