Suggest a synthesis of the following aldehydes or ketones using the ozonolysis reaction of an alkene.
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the target aldehyde or ketone structure that you need to synthesize. This will help you determine the alkene structure required for ozonolysis.
2. Understand the ozonolysis reaction: Ozonolysis involves the cleavage of alkenes using ozone (O₃) to form carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones. The reaction typically proceeds through the formation of an ozonide intermediate, which is then reduced to yield the desired carbonyl products.
3. Determine the alkene structure: To synthesize a specific aldehyde or ketone, you need to identify the alkene that, upon ozonolysis, will yield the desired carbonyl compound. Consider the carbon chain length and the position of the double bond in the alkene that will lead to the formation of the target aldehyde or ketone.
4. Write the balanced chemical equation for the ozonolysis reaction: Represent the alkene and the ozone molecule in the equation, and show the formation of the ozonide intermediate. Then, indicate the reduction step that leads to the formation of the aldehyde or ketone.
5. Consider the reaction conditions: Ozonolysis typically requires a solvent like dichloromethane and a reducing agent such as zinc or dimethyl sulfide to convert the ozonide intermediate into the final carbonyl products. Ensure that these conditions are suitable for your synthesis.

Key Concepts

Ozonolysis Reaction

Ozonolysis is a reaction where ozone (O3) cleaves alkenes to form carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones. The reaction involves the addition of ozone to the double bond, forming an ozonide intermediate, which is then reduced to yield the carbonyl products. This reaction is useful for breaking down complex alkenes into simpler carbonyl compounds.

Alkenes

Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). They are unsaturated compounds, meaning they have fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes. The double bond is a site of high reactivity, making alkenes suitable substrates for various addition reactions, including ozonolysis, which targets the double bond to form carbonyl compounds.

Carbonyl Compounds

Carbonyl compounds are organic molecules containing a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O), such as aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have two carbon groups. These compounds are key products in ozonolysis and are characterized by their distinct reactivity and chemical properties, which are crucial in organic synthesis.