3. Acids and Bases

Which of the following best describes the first step in the acid-catalyzed cleavage of an ether with concentrated $H_2\mathrm{SO}{4}_4$?

By what mechanism is the reaction of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{Br}$ with $\mathrm{OH}-$ likely to occur?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of electron-pushing (curved arrow) notation in organic reaction mechanisms?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of using curved arrows in illustrating an organic reaction mechanism?

Which reaction mechanism best describes the conversion of $R_{\mathrm{Br}}$ (an alkyl bromide) to $R_{\mathrm{OH}}$ (an alcohol) when treated with aqueous ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{OH}}$?

Which of the following best describes the expected product formed from a nucleophilic substitution ($S_{\mathrm{N}}2$) reaction between ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{Br}$ and $\mathrm{OH}-$ as shown by the curved arrow mechanism?

Which of the following correctly completes the mechanism for the base-catalyzed opening of an epoxide such as $C_2{H}_4{O}_1$ with hydroxide ion in aqueous solution?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of adding curved arrows to step $1$ of an organic reaction mechanism?

Given the following reaction mechanism, which sequence of arrow-pushing patterns correctly represents step $c$: (1) nucleophilic attack, (2) proton transfer, (3) leaving group departure?

Which graph best represents the energy profile of a reaction when an enzyme is present?

Which of the following best describes the stepwise mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of $C_2{H}_4$ (ethylene) to form ethanol?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of an S$N_2$ reaction?

Which of the following best completes the mechanism for the formation of the major species when $2_{}-bromopropane$ reacts with hydroxide ion in aqueous solution?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism for the transformation of an alkene to a diol using cold, dilute ${\mathrm{KMnO}}_4$ in water?

Which type of reaction mechanism is most likely when bromine reacts with cyclohexene at $-5°C$ in $C_2{C}_4$ (carbon tetrachloride)?