5. Chirality

Give the relationships between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are as follows: same ­compound, cis-trans isomers, constitutional (structural) isomers, and not isomers (different molecular formula).

(a) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ and (CH₃)₃CH

(b) CH₂=CH–CH₂Cl and CHCl=CH–CH₃

For each pair of structures, determine whether they represent different compounds or a single compound.

Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:

same compound

constitutional isomers (structural isomers)

cis-trans isomers

not isomers (different molecular formula)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:

same compound

constitutional isomers (structural isomers)

cis-trans isomers

not isomers (different molecular formula)

(j)

(k)

Which of the following describes stereoisomers?

Given a compound with the constitution $C_4{H}_8$ that contains two double bonds (i.e., a diene), how many stereoisomers are possible for this compound?

Compound 1 has two chiral centers and no plane of symmetry. How many stereoisomers of compound 1 exist?

Given a molecule with three chiral centers and no internal plane of symmetry, what is the maximum number of stereoisomers possible for this molecule ($2^{\mathrm{n}}$ where $n$ is the number of chiral centers)?