21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition

Provide the chemical steps necessary for the following synthesis.

Provide the chemical steps necessary for the following synthesis.

Determine the starting materials based on the acetal group present.

For each of the following reactions, identify the bonds that are broken and formed. Be sure to indicate whether the bond that is broken is a σ bond or a π bond.

(e)

Which of the following compounds is classified as an acetal?

Which of the following correctly describes the synthesis of an acetal from an aldehyde ($\mathrm{acetal} a$) and a ketone ($\mathrm{acetal} b$)?

Which of the following sets of compounds are formed as the major organic products when an acetal is hydrolyzed in aqueous $H_{2}O$ and $\mathrm{HCl}$?