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- Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: (a) Rb (b) F (c) Sb (d) S.
Problem 35
- Which element in each of the following pairs has the higher electronegativity? (a) Sb or I (b) P or Sb
Problem 36
- Arrange the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity: (a) Sr (b) Cl (c) Sn (d) Ge.
Problem 37
- Which element in each of the following pairs has more metallic character? (a) Bi or As
Problem 38
- Which compound in each of the following pairs is more covalent? (a) CaO or NO (b) NH3 or KH (c) SnO2 or SiO2
Problem 41
- Consider the elements C, Se, B, Sn, and Cl. Identify which of these elements: (a) Has a maximum oxidation state of +6, (b) Has the largest atomic radius, (c) Is the most electronegative.
Problem 44
- Consider the elements N, Si, Al, S, and F. Identify which of these elements: (a) Has the highest ionization energy; (b) Has the most metallic character; (d) Forms a 2- anion.
Problem 45
- At ordinary temperatures, sulfur exists as S8 but oxygen exists as O2. Explain.
Problem 48
- Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen form π bonds, but fluorine does not. Explain.
Problem 49
Problem 51
Consider the elements Mn, Al, C, S, and Si. Which element forms the strongest π bonds?
- Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of hydrogen using each of the following starting materials: (b) C, (c) CH4, (d) H2O.
Problem 52
Problem 53a,c
Complete and balance the equation for each of the following reactions.
a. Fe(s) + H+(aq) →
c. Al(s)+ H+(aq) →
- Calcium hydride is a convenient, portable source of hydrogen that is used, among other things, to inflate weather balloons. If the reaction of CaH2 with water is used to inflate a balloon with 2.0 * 10^5 L of H2 gas at 25 °C and 1.00 atm pressure, how many kilograms of CaH2 are needed?
Problem 54
- The hydrogen-filled dirigible Hindenburg had a volume of 1.99 * 108 L. If the hydrogen used was produced by the reaction of carbon with steam, how many kilograms of carbon would have been needed to produce enough hydrogen to fill the dirigible at 20 °C and 740 mm pressure?
Problem 55
- Write the chemical formula of a compound that contains hydrogen and each of the following elements. Which of these compounds are ionic, and which are covalent? (a) K (b) S
Problem 57
- In the following compound, is hydrogen present as H+, H-, or a covalently bound H atom? (b) PH3
Problem 58
- In the following compounds, is hydrogen present as H+, H-, or a covalently bound H atom? (b) RbH (d) GeH4
Problem 59
- Compare some of the physical properties of TiH1.7, HCl, and CaH2.
Problem 61
Problem 62a
Describe the molecular geometry of:
(a) H2Se
Problem 62b
Describe the molecular geometry of:
(b) AsH3
Problem 62c
Describe the molecular geometry of:
(c) SiH4
- Describe the molecular geometry of: (a) GeH4 (b) NH3 (c) H2S
Problem 63
Problem 64
What is a nonstoichiometric compound? Give an example, and account for its lack of stoichiometry in terms of structure.
Problem 65
Explain why the hydrogen atoms in interstitial hydrides are mobile.
- Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following hydrides with water: (b) NH3.
Problem 66
- Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following hydrides with water: (a) HI (b) KH.
Problem 67
Problem 68
Look at the properties of the alkali metals summarized in
Table 22.2, and predict reasonable values for the melting
point, boiling point, density, and atomic radius of francium.
- Why does chemical reactivity increase from top to bottom in groups 1A and 2A?
Problem 69
Problem 70
Write chemical equations for the reaction of potassium with the following substances, making sure that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R.
(a) H2O
- Write chemical equations for the reaction of calcium with the following substances, ensuring that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R. (a) H2O (b) He
Problem 71