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Problem 71c
Write chemical equations for the reaction of calcium with the following substances, making sure that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R.
(c) Br2
Problem 71d
Write chemical equations for the reaction of calcium with the following substances, making sure that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R.
(d) O2
Problem 74
Milk of magnesia, a widely used antacid, is an aqueous suspension of Mg1OH22. How would you prepare Mg1OH22 from magnesium metal?
- Magnesium metal is produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride using inert electrodes. Predict the anode reaction, cathode reaction, and overall cell reaction.
Problem 76
- How many hours are required to produce 10.0 kg of magnesium by electrolysis of molten MgCl2 with a constant current of 1.00 * 10^4 A? How many liters of Cl2 at STP will be obtained?
Problem 77
- Assign charges to the oxygen-containing anions in the following compounds: (a) CsO₂ (b) BaO₂
Problem 79
Problem 80a
Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(a) Is the most abundant element of the group
Problem 81
Identify the group 3A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(a) Has an unusually low melting point
Problem 82
What is the most common oxidation state for each of the
group 3A elements?
Problem 86a
(a) Describe what is meant by an electron-deficient molecule.
Problem 86b
(b) Describe what is meant by a three-center, two-electron bond.
Problem 87
Suggest a structure for the mixed aluminum–boron hydride AlBH6.
- Identify the group 4A element that best fits each of the following descriptions: (a) Prefers the +2 oxidation state; (d) Forms the most acidic oxide.
Problem 88
Problem 88b
Identify the group 4A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(b) Forms the strongest π bonds
Problem 88c
Identify the group 4A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(c) Is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust
- What is the shape of each of the following molecules or ions, and which hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom? (a) SiO₄⁴⁻ (b) CCl₄ (c) SnCl₂ (d) HCN
Problem 91
- Describe the preparation of silicon from silica sand, and explain how silicon is purified for use in semiconductor devices. Write balanced equations for all reactions.
Problem 97
- How do the structures and properties of elemental silicon and germanium differ from those of tin and lead?
Problem 98
- Write balanced equations for the formation of the following compounds from their elements. (c) Uranium hexafluoride (a solid at 25 °C)
Problem 102
- Identify the group 5A element(s) that best fit each of the following descriptions: (a) Makes up part of bones and teeth, (c) Is the most abundant element in the atmosphere, (d) Forms a basic oxide.
Problem 104
- Identify the group 5A element that best fits each of the following descriptions: (a) Forms oxides with the group 5A element in the +1, +2 and +4 oxidation states, (b) Is a metal, (c) Is the most abundant group 5A element in the Earth’s crust.
Problem 105
Problem 105a
Identify the group 5A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(a) Forms strong π bonds
- Give the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the group 5A element: (a) Nitrous oxide (b) Hydrazine (c) Calcium phosphide (d) Phosphorous acid (e) Arsenic acid.
Problem 106
- Give the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the group 5A element. (a) Nitric oxide (b) Nitrous acid (c) Phosphine (d) Phosphoric acid
Problem 107
- Draw an electron-dot structure for N2, and explain why this molecule is so unreactive.
Problem 108
- Assign oxidation numbers to each element in the following ions. (c) C2O4 2-
Problem 110
- Draw the structure of each of the following molecules: (a) Tetraphosphorus hexoxide, (b) Tetraphosphorus decoxide, (c) Phosphorous acid, (d) Phosphoric acid.
Problem 111
- Account for each of the following observations: (b) Phosphorous acid is a diprotic acid.
Problem 112
- Draw all the possible resonance structures for N2O and assign formal charges. Which resonance structure makes the greatest contribution to the resonance hybrid?
Problem 114
Problem 115
Could the strain in the P4 molecule be reduced by using sp3 hybrid orbitals in bonding instead of pure p orbitals? Explain.