McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition - Chapter 4

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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

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McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Problem 1

What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 10.19 g of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) in enough water to produce 250.0 mL of solution? (LO 4.1) (a) 0.8848 M (b) 18.08 M (c) 1.130 M (d) 0.01808 M

Problem 2

What is the mass of chloride ions in 375.0 mL of solution with a magnesium chloride concentration of 0.250 M? (LO 4.2) (a) 3.32 g (b) 47.3 g (c) 23.6 g d) 6.65 g

Problem 4

Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.)

Which of the substances is the weakest electrolyte? (LO 4.6) (a) AX3 (b) AY3 (c) AZ3 (d) All of the substances are strong electrolytes.

Problem 5

Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.) What are the molar concentrations of A ions and X ions in a 0.500 M solution of AX3? (LO 4.7) (a) 0.500 M A and 0.500 M X (b) 0.500 M A and 0.167 M X (c) 1.500 M A and 0.500 M X (d) 0.500 M A and 1.500 M X

Problem 6

Which of the following substances will produce a solution that does not conduct electricity when it dissolves in water? (LO 4.6) (a) NaOH (b) HNO3 (c) Na2SO4 (d) CH3OH

Problem 7

Which of the following solutions will not form a precipitate when added to 10 mL of 0.10 M KOH? (LO 4.10, 4.11) (a) 10 mL of 0.10 NH4Cl (b) 10 mL of 0.10 M PbSO4 (c) 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO3)3 (d) 10 mL of 0.10 M AgCH3CO2

Problem 8

Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when 10 mL of 0.5 M ammonium carbonate is mixed with 10 mL of 0.5 M silver nitrate. (LO 4.9, 4.11) (a) (b) (c) (d) A net ionic reaction cannot be written because a reaction does not take place.

Problem 9

When 75.0 mL of a 0.100 M lead(II) nitrate solution is mixed with 100.0 mL of a 0.190 M potassium iodide solu-tion, a yellow-orange precipitate of lead(II) iodide is formed. What is the mass in grams of lead(II) iodide formed? Assume the reaction goes to completion. (LO 4.11, 4.15) (a) 1.729 g (b) 3.458 g (c) 4.380 g (d) 8.760 g

Problem 11

Succinic acid, an intermediate in the metabolism of food molecules, has a molecular weight of 118.1. When 1.926 g of succinic acid was dissolved in water and titrated, 65.20 mL of 0.5000 M NaOH solution was required to neutralize the acid. How many acidic hydrogens are there in a mol-ecule of succinic acid? (LO 4.16) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Problem 12

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in Borax, Na2B4O7, a mineral used in laundry detergent. (LO 4.18)

Problem 13

Identify the element that gets oxidized and the oxidizing agent in the reaction. (LO 4.19) (a) (b) (c) (d)

Problem 14

The most strongly reducing elements are listed at the top of the partial activity series table provided. Use the activity series to predict which reaction will occur. (LO 4.20) (a) (b) (c) (d)

Problem 37

Box (a) represents 1.0 mL of a solution of particles at a given concentration. Which of the boxes (b)–(d) represents 1.0 mL of the solution that results after (a) has been diluted by doubling the volume of its solvent? (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Problem 38

Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation, represented as a red sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an anion, represented as a yellow sphere. Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (1)–(3):

Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions? (a) 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) S (b) Ba2+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) S (c) 2 Ag+(aq) + SO32-(aq) S

Problem 41

Assume that an aqueous solution of OH-, represented as a blue sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an acid HnA, represented as a red sphere. Three possible outcomes are depicted by boxes (1)–(3), where the green spheres represent An-, the anion of the acid: Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions? (a) (b) (c)

Problem 42

The concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite; the active ingredient in household bleach) can be determined by a redox titration with iodide ion in acidic solution:

Assume that the blue spheres in the buret represent I-ions, the red spheres in the flask represent OCl-ions, the con-centration of the I-ions in the buret is 0.120 M, and the volumes in the buret and the flask are identical. What is the concentration of NaOCl in the flask? What percentage of the I-solution in the buret must be added to the flask to react with all the OCl-ions?

Problem 42a

Classify each of the following unbalanced half-reactions as either an oxidation or a reduction. (a) HClO(aq) → Cl₂(g)

Problem 42d

Classify each of the following unbalanced half-reactions as either an oxidation or a reduction. (d) SbCl₄^-(aq) → SbCl₆^-(aq)

Problem 46a

How many moles of solute are present in each of the following solutions? (a) 35.0 mL of 1.200 M HNO₃

Problem 46b

How many moles of solute are present in each of the following solutions? (b) 175 mL of 0.67 M glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

Problem 47a

How many grams of solute would you use to prepare each of the following solutions? (a) 250.0 mL of 0.600 M ethyl alcohol (C₂H₆O)

Problem 47b

How many grams of solute would you use to prepare each of the following solutions? (b) 167 mL of 0.200 M boric acid (H₃BO₃)

Problem 48a

How many milliliters of a 0.45 M BaCl₂ solution contain 15.0 g of BaCl₂?

Problem 50

The sterile saline solution used to rinse contact lenses can be made by dissolving 400 mg of NaCl in sterile water and diluting to 100 mL. What is the molarity of the solution?

Problem 50a

Write balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acidic solution. (a) Zn(s) + VO²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + V³⁺(aq)

Problem 51

The concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in normal blood is approximately 90 mg per 100 mL. What is the molarity of the glucose?

Problem 52

Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid according to the following equation: If a copper penny weighing 3.045 g is dissolved in a small amount of nitric acid and the resultant solution is diluted to 50.0 mL with water, what is the molarity of the Cu(NO3)2?

Problem 54a

How many grams of solute would you use to prepare the following solutions? (a) 500.0 mL of 1.25 M NaOH

Problem 55

How would you prepare 500 mL of a 0.330 M solution of CaCl2 from solid CaCl2? Specify the glassware that should be used.

Problem 56

How would you prepare 250 mL of a 0.100 M solution of fluoride ions from solid CaF2? Specify the glassware that should be used.