Assume that an aqueous solution of OH-, represented as a blue sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an acid HnA, represented as a red sphere. Three possible outcomes are depicted by boxes (1)–(3), where the green spheres represent An-, the anion of the acid: Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions? (a) (b) (c)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the nature of the reactions involved. In this case, we are dealing with acid-base reactions where OH- (a base) reacts with HnA (an acid).
2. Understand that the reaction between OH- and HnA will result in the formation of water (H2O) and the anion of the acid (An-). The general reaction can be represented as: OH- + HnA → H2O + An-.
3. Determine the stoichiometry of the reaction based on the number of H+ ions in the acid HnA. This will help in understanding how many OH- ions are needed to completely neutralize the acid.
4. Match each reaction scenario (a), (b), and (c) with the corresponding box (1), (2), or (3) by analyzing how many OH- ions are reacting with HnA and the resulting products in each box.
5. Verify that the number of green spheres (An-) in each box corresponds to the expected products from the reaction of OH- with HnA, ensuring that the acid has been completely neutralized in the scenario.

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Reactions

Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants. In this context, the hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a base, accepting protons from the acid (HnA). The resulting products typically include water and the conjugate base of the acid, represented by the anion An-. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the outcomes of the reactions depicted.

Ionization of Acids

Acids can ionize in solution, releasing protons and forming their corresponding anions. The notation HnA indicates that the acid can donate 'n' protons, leading to the formation of An- when it reacts with a base like OH-. Recognizing how acids dissociate in water helps in determining the products of the reactions shown in the question.

Reaction Products

The products of acid-base reactions can vary based on the stoichiometry of the reactants. In this scenario, the mixing of OH- and HnA will yield water and the anion An- as products. Identifying the correct outcome for each reaction requires an understanding of how the reactants interact and the resulting species formed, which is essential for matching the outcomes to the depicted boxes.