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Methods for Analyzing DNA definitions

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  • Genomic Library
    A collection of bacterial clones containing fragments of an organism’s entire DNA, including coding and non-coding regions.
  • cDNA Library
    A set of bacterial clones with DNA sequences reverse transcribed from mRNA, representing only protein-coding genes.
  • Bacterial Clone
    A population of bacteria all carrying the same DNA fragment, used to amplify and study specific genetic sequences.
  • Restriction Enzyme
    A protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences, generating fragments for cloning or analysis.
  • Cloning Vector
    A DNA molecule, such as a plasmid, used to carry foreign DNA into a host cell for replication.
  • Southern Blot
    A technique for separating and detecting specific DNA sequences by transferring them from a gel to a membrane.
  • Northern Blot
    A method for separating and visualizing RNA sequences by transferring them from a gel to a membrane.
  • Agar
    A jelly-like substance used to form gels for separating DNA or RNA fragments by size during electrophoresis.
  • Probe
    A labeled molecule that binds to a specific DNA or RNA sequence on a membrane, enabling detection.
  • Membrane
    A solid support onto which nucleic acids are transferred from a gel for further analysis.
  • Gene Expression
    The process reflected in cDNA libraries, showing which protein-coding genes are active at a given time.
  • Non-coding Region
    A segment of DNA that does not encode proteins, including regulatory elements and introns.
  • Fragment
    A piece of DNA generated by restriction enzymes, used for cloning or analysis in libraries.
  • Ladder
    A set of DNA fragments of known sizes run on a gel to estimate the size of sample fragments.
  • Electrophoresis
    A technique where DNA or RNA moves through a gel under an electric field, separating by size and charge.