Textbook Question
Vitamins are a diverse group of compounds that must be present in the diet. List four functions of vitamins in the body.
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Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 19, Problem 25c
Answer questions (a)–(e) concerning the following reaction:
c. What is the substrate for the reaction as written?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the term 'substrate' in the context of a chemical reaction. The substrate is the reactant that is acted upon by a catalyst, enzyme, or reagent in the reaction.
Step 2: Examine the reaction provided in the problem. Identify the reactants and products. The substrate is typically the molecule that undergoes a chemical transformation during the reaction.
Step 3: Look for any specific indicators in the reaction, such as the presence of an enzyme or catalyst, which might help identify the substrate. The substrate is often the larger or more complex molecule being modified.
Step 4: Determine which reactant is being chemically altered in the reaction. This reactant is the substrate for the reaction as written.
Step 5: Confirm your identification of the substrate by ensuring it aligns with the reaction mechanism or description provided in the problem.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Substrate
In biochemical reactions, a substrate is the specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon. It binds to the enzyme's active site, where the reaction occurs, leading to the formation of products. Identifying the substrate is crucial for understanding the reaction mechanism and the role of the enzyme involved.
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Reaction Mechanism
A reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step process by which reactants are converted into products. It includes details about the formation and breaking of bonds, the transition states, and the intermediates involved. Understanding the mechanism helps in identifying the substrate and predicting the outcome of the reaction.
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Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a particular substrate among many possible candidates. This specificity is determined by the enzyme's structure and the nature of the active site. Recognizing the substrate in a reaction requires knowledge of the enzyme's specificity and the context of the reaction.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Answer questions (a)–(e) concerning the following reaction:
a. The enzyme involved in this reaction belongs to what class of enzymes?
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Textbook Question
Answer questions (a)–(e) concerning the following reaction:
b. Since hydrogens are removed, the enzyme belongs to what subclass of the enzyme class from part (a)?
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Textbook Question
Answer questions (a)–(e) concerning the following reaction:
d. What is the product for the reaction as written?
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Textbook Question
Explain how the following changes affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor:
(a) increasing the substrate concentration at a constant inhibitor concentration
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Textbook Question
Explain how the following changes affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor:
(b) decreasing the inhibitor concentration at a constant substrate concentration.
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