Textbook Question
Look at Table 26.3 and find codons for the following amino acids:
a. Val
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Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 26, Problem 68
What is the general shape and structure of a tRNA molecule?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that plays a critical role in protein synthesis by carrying amino acids to the ribosome.
Recognize that the general shape of a tRNA molecule is often described as a 'cloverleaf' in two dimensions due to its secondary structure, which consists of four main regions: the acceptor stem, the D-loop, the anticodon loop, and the TψC loop.
Note that in three dimensions, the tRNA molecule folds into an 'L-shaped' structure, which is stabilized by hydrogen bonding and base stacking interactions.
Identify the key functional regions of the tRNA: the acceptor stem at the 3' end, where the amino acid attaches, and the anticodon loop, which contains a specific sequence of three nucleotides that base-pair with the complementary codon on mRNA.
Understand that the structure of tRNA is highly conserved across different organisms, ensuring its efficiency and accuracy in translating genetic information into proteins.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA Structure
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It typically has a cloverleaf shape, which consists of three main loops and an acceptor stem. The structure allows tRNA to carry specific amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled according to the genetic code.
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Amino Acid Attachment
Each tRNA molecule is linked to a specific amino acid at its 3' end, which is essential for translation. The attachment occurs through an ester bond formed by the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. This specificity ensures that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.
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Anticodon Function
The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA. This pairing is critical for ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. The interaction between the anticodon and codon is a key step in the translation process, facilitating the accurate decoding of genetic information.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
If the sequence T-A-C-C-C-T appears on the informational strand of DNA, what sequence appears opposite it on the template strand? Label your answer with 3′ and 5′ ends.
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Textbook Question
What tetrapeptide is synthesized from the informational DNA sequence G-T-C-A-G-T-A-C-G-T-T-A?
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Textbook Question
There are different tRNAs for each amino acid. What is one major way to differentiate among the tRNAs for each amino acid?
1044
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Textbook Question
Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must be present in the informational DNA strand to code for preproinsulin (assuming no introns are present)?
620
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Textbook Question
Suppose that 22% of the nucleotides of a DNA molecule are deoxyadenosine and during replication the relative amounts of available deoxynucleoside triphosphates are 22% dATP, 22% dCTP, 28% dGTP, and 28% dTTP. What deoxynucleoside triphosphate is limiting to the replication? Explain.
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