Explain why diabetics produce high levels of ketone bodies.

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Hi, everybody. Let's look at our next ants. Next problem says true or false. Correct the statement. If it is false. Our statement is type one diabetics produce low levels of ketone bodies. Our answer choices are a true. So type one diabetics produce low levels of ketone bodies. B false. Type one diabetics produce high levels of insulin. C false. Type one diabetics produce high levels of ketone bodies or D false. Type two diabetics produce low levels of glucose. Well, we can eliminate choice B right away. Type one diabetics do not produce high levels of insulin. The essence of type one diabetes is that the body stops producing insulin. Essentially, it's an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks the insulin producing cells and the body can no longer produce enough. In addition, type two or excuse me, choice D is unlikely to be correct even without thinking much about it. Because unless all the others are wildly wrong, why would we even be talking about type two diabetes unless you know, totally changing the statement uh in both senses is the way to go. So I'll put a little red dot There, we can return to that if we need to. But in terms of multiple choice, you usually want to prioritize the most likely answers. So is our statement true or false. Let's think about if we look at A and C, they directly contrast low levels of ketone bodies, high levels of ketone bodies for type one diabetics. So let's think through this, you know, cascade of events. So we know we start with low insulin levels. So sorry, I just wanted to change that to color. I don't want to write that in red. So the body doesn't produce enough insulin. Well, what's the result of not having enough insulin? The body cannot take glucose into its cell for production of energy. So insulin helps the body take up glucose out of the bloodstream into the cells. So glucose is not available to the cells as an energy source. Well, OK, that's not good. But of course, our body doesn't want to be in a situation where it doesn't have an energy source. So we've got backup systems. So instead without glucose being accessible, the body starts to use fats, stored fat for energy. So for the body to do that, it needs to break up the fats into um glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol. But how does the um I'll put fa fatty acids then what does the body do with the fatty acids? Well, they undergo beta oxidation and produce acetyl coa. So of course, usually when we think of acetyl coa we think of our citric acid cycle. But what happens to acetyl coa when it enters a citric acid cycle, it combines with oxalic acetate, but a acetate. In this case, without glucose being available is needed for gluconeogenesis in the liver. The body's got to find an alternative way to keep producing energy and the body's going to keep trying to produce glucose. So the process of gluconeogenesis is also going to be going on. So that oxy acetate is not as available for the citric acid cycle. So looking at our acetyl coa which can go to citric acid cycle. But we're saying, hm, it's not gonna happen so much here. Put a little red squiggle across the narrow, what else happens to sito Coe? Well, it gets converted into ketone bodies. So if our type one diabetic is having to be metabolizing these fatty acids for energy, the production of Ayl coa as a result of breaking down the fatty acids is going to be the production of a lot of ketone bodies. So our statement is going to be false because the person with type one diabetes is going to be producing high levels of ketone ketone bodies. So choice C is going to be our answer and choice. A true is wrong. And we don't need to even go into choice D because we don't, we have a corrected answer. We don't need to even go down that type two diabetes route. Now, if we want to be thorough. Just in case type two diabetics do not produce low levels of glucose. Um In, in type two diabetes, the body has insulin resistance. So there's enough insulin but the body doesn't respond to its signals. So glucose levels can actually be very high because it isn't being taken up out of the bloodstream, but the body isn't producing low levels of glucose. So once again, our answer to whether our statement is true or false and then correcting it is choice C our statement is false and the corrected statement is type one diabetics produce high levels of ketone bodies. See you in the next video.

Explain why diabetics produce high levels of ketone bodies.

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Key Concepts

Diabetes and Insulin Deficiency

Ketogenesis

Ketoacidosis