For each of the following reagents, decide whether chlorobenzene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the products expected from the reaction.
c. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ catalyst

Question

For each of the following reagents, decide whether chlorobenzene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the products expected from the reaction.

c. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ catalyst

Accepted Answer

All right. Hi everyone. So this question is asking us which of the following reagents will benzo acid react with, draw all the possible products that will form from the reaction. Option A says H Pr option B says H two and PD catalysts and option C says HNO three and H two. So four catalyst. So in this case, I've gone ahead and pre drawn the structure of benzo acid which is simply a benzene ring and a carboxylic acid functional group attached to it. Now recall that benzo acid because it contains a benzene ring is aromatic and so aromatic compounds are going to engage in or participate in a group of reactions known as electro pilic aromatic substitution or eas for short. So in this case, right, a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring gets replaced by a different substituent. Now recall that just because there are double bonds in the benzene ring does not mean that an aromatic compound participates in a regular addition reaction involving all Keith. So the reason why I mentioned this is because of the first two answer choices here A and B respectively, right? Recall that HBR for option A generally participates in what are called hydro halogen reactions. So if we take the two double or the two carbons of an all keen right, one carbon receives hydrogen and the other receives a bromine atom. So like I mentioned previously, right hydro halogen nation is an example of an addition reaction or or Keynes specifically. Now, benzene and other aromatic compounds are not inclined to participate in simple addition reactions for all ks. And the reason for this is because of the characteristic stability of benzene and other aromatic compounds. Because if any of the three double bonds in benzene were to participate in a in an addition reaction, then the stability of the ring itself would be compromised and that would not necessarily be favorable. So therefore, the benzene ring is too stable for an addition reaction. So benzo acid would not react with HBR and the same can be said for option B, right? Because option B involves hydrogen gas in the presence of a PD catalyst, which if you recall refers to hydrogenation. Now, hydrogenation involves the addition of hydrogen gas across both atoms, carbon atoms of the double bond, right. So both of them, both carbons receive one hydrogen. Now, for this choice, we have to be a little bit careful because hydrogenation is typically another addition reaction for all Keats. However, it is possible for a benzene ring to undergo hydrogenation. But because of the characteristic stability of benzene, extreme conditions are required for this to happen. Specifically an extreme temperature of 100 °C and a pressure of about 1000 P si are required for an aromatic compound to be hydrogenated. But the problem here is that reaction conditions are not actually specified in the text of the question. So when no additional information is given about conditions, we would assume that this would take place under standard temperature and pressure. So because of this option B is not going to be correct either because option B will only take place, meaning hydrogenation will only take place if there are extreme conditions which we cannot assume that there are. So that leads us into option C as our final answer because recall that HNO three and H two. So four is in fact a nitration reaction which is an eas reaction. So in this case, a nitro group or no two is going to replace a hydrogen on the aromatic ring. So in this case, right, a nitro group can add itself onto different positions on the benzene ring. Specifically, there are three options. If the carboxylic acid group is on carbon one of the benzene ring, then our nitro group can add itself onto either carbon 23 or four. No. When the nitro group adds itself onto carbon too, then that is referred to as the Ortho position. Carbon three is referred to as the meta position and carbon four is referred to as the paras position. So in this case nitration is going to yield three different products. One is Ortho one is meadow and one is pera, right? So our answer here just to reiterate is going to be HNO three and H two. So four catalyst. So in this case, what I'm going to do here is I'm simply going to redraw benzo acid three times before I add my nitro group on to a different position for each, right? Because the carboxylic acid group is not going to change. So here are two and here are three. So the spacing is a bit strange. So let me just go ahead and fix that before I proceed with substitution. Right? So first for the Ortho product, my nitro group or no two and my carboxylic acid are on adjacent carbons for my meta product. My nitro group and my carboxylic acid groups would have one carbon in between them. Whereas my para product, what place my nitro group on carbon four relative to the carboxylic acid group, placing them on opposite sides of the ring and there you have it right here are the three possible products from our nitration reaction. So with that being said, if you stuck around to the end of this video, thank you so very much for watching and I hope you found this helpful.

For each of the following reagents, decide whether chlorobenzene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the products expected from the reaction.
c. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ catalyst

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

Key Concepts

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Nitration of Aromatic Compounds

Reactivity of Chlorobenzene

For each of the following reagents, decide whether chlorobenzene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the products expected from the reaction.c. HNO3 and H2SO4 catalyst

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

Key Concepts

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Nitration of Aromatic Compounds

Reactivity of Chlorobenzene

For each of the following reagents, decide whether chlorobenzene will react with it or not, and, if it does, draw and name the products expected from the reaction.
c. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ catalyst