Draw structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions:

(a) C₃H₆O containing an aldehyde functional group

Draw structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions:

(c) C₃H₆O₂ containing a carboxylic acid functional group

Draw the straight-chain isomer with the formula (b) C₉H₂₀.

There are two branched-chain isomers with the formula C₇H₁₆, where the longest chain in the molecule is six carbons long. Draw them.

Draw the following three isomers of C₅H₁₂ as condensed structures:

a.

Draw the following three isomers of C₅H₁₂ as condensed structures:

b.

Draw the following three isomers of C₅H₁₂ as condensed structures:

c.

Convert the following line structures to condensed structures:

a.

Convert the following line structures to condensed structures:

b.

Draw both condensed and line structures for the chemicals listed in Problem 12.1.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same molecule, isomers, or different molecules?

a.

What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes?

a.

Draw both condensed and line structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names and label each carbon as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

c. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

Draw and name alkanes that meet the following descriptions:

a. A 5-carbon alkane with a tertiary carbon atom

Write the structures of all singly chlorinated products that form when 2,4-dimethylpentane is reacted with Cl₂.

What are the IUPAC names of the following cycloalkanes? Remember to assign priority to the attached groups alphabetically.

b.

What is wrong with the following names? It will be helpful to draw the structures as named before making your decision.

c. 1-Ethyl-2-methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane

Convert the following models into line drawings (back = C; white = H; blue = N):

a.

Convert the following models into line drawings (back = C; white = H; blue = N):

b.

Convert the following models into line drawings and identify the functional groups in each:

b.

Give the IUPAC names for the following alkanes:

a.

Give the IUPAC names for the following alkanes:

b.

Give the IUPAC names for the following cycloalkanes:

b.

What characteristics of carbon make possible the existence of so many different organic compounds?

Why are most organic compounds nonconducting and insoluble in water?

For each of the following, give an example of a member compound containing 5 carbons total:

(a) Alcohol

For each of the following, give an example of a member compound containing 5 carbons total:

(d) Ether

Identify the functional groups in the following molecules:

(b)

Propose structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions:

(b) An ester with the formula C₆H₁₂O₂

Propose structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions:

(c) A compound with the formula C₃H₇NOS that is both an amide and a thiol