3. Acids and Bases

Which set of reagents would best accomplish the conversion of an alkene to a vicinal diol in organic synthesis?

Why are antibiotics ineffective against $\mathrm{HIV}$ in the context of organic chemistry reactions?

Given the following sequence: benzene is first nitrated with a mixture of concentrated $H_2\mathrm{SO}4$ and $H_2\mathrm{NO}3$, then the product is reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid, what is the final product?

Which of the following compounds is not considered a carcinogen?

Given the thermal electrocyclic ring closure of $1,3,5-\mathrm{hexatriene}$, identify the expected major product.

What is the major organic product when 2-bromopropane reacts with aqueous ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{OH}}$ under reflux conditions?

Which of the following is the major product when 2-methyl-2-butene reacts with $H_2\mathrm{SO}{4}_1$ and water under standard conditions?

Given the following reaction sequence: benzene is treated with $H_2\mathrm{SO}4$ and $\mathrm{fuming}H{2}_1\mathrm{SO}4$ (step 1), followed by reaction with $\mathrm{NaOH}$ and heat (step 2). What is the major intermediate after step 1 and the final product after step 2?

In the context of organic chemistry reactions, why is the third stage of the Calvin cycle referred to as the regeneration stage?

Which of the following best completes the electrophilic addition mechanism when ethene reacts with $H_{2}O$ in the presence of acid?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between stains used for light microscopy and those used for electron microscopy in organic chemistry reactions?

Which of the following is the major organic product when $2_{-}\mathrm{methylpropene}$ reacts with aqueous $H_2\mathrm{SO}{4}_4$ (dilute sulfuric acid) under standard conditions?

Which of the following correctly identifies the major organic product formed in the two-step synthesis where benzene is first nitrated with concentrated $H_{2}S{O}_4$ and $H_{2}N{O}_3$, followed by reduction with tin and hydrochloric acid?

Which of the following properties are shared by many organic chemistry reactions that occur in cells?

Which of the following structures represents the cyanohydrin formed when cyclopentanone reacts with ${\mathrm{HCN}}_{}$?