List the four biological molecules commonly found in living organisms.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the main categories of biological molecules that are essential for life processes in all living organisms.
2. Recognize that these molecules are often referred to as 'macromolecules' because they are large molecules composed of smaller subunits.
3. Note that these macromolecules can be classified into four major types based on their chemical composition and the roles they play in the cell.
4. List the four types of biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
5. Understand that each type of molecule has a unique structure and function in the body, contributing to the overall health and operation of living organisms.

Key Concepts

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source for living organisms and are also important for structural functions in cells. Common examples include sugars like glucose and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose.

Proteins

Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They play crucial roles in the body, including catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells. The specific sequence of amino acids determines a protein's unique structure and function.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers. DNA stores and transmits genetic information, while RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis and gene expression. These molecules are essential for heredity and the functioning of all living cells.