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Ch. 5 - Integration
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksBriggs 3rd EditionCh. 5 - IntegrationProblem 5.1.71b
Chapter 5, Problem 5.1.71b

Displacement from a velocity graph Consider the velocity function for an object moving along a line (see figure).
(b) Use geometry to find the displacement of the object between t = 0 and t = 2.
Graph showing velocity in meters per second over time in seconds, with a flat line indicating constant velocity segments.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The displacement of an object can be found by calculating the area under the velocity-time graph between t = 0 and t = 2 seconds. This is because displacement is the integral of velocity over time.
Step 2: Analyze the graph. Between t = 0 and t = 2 seconds, the velocity graph forms two geometric shapes: a triangle from t = 0 to t = 1 and a rectangle from t = 1 to t = 2.
Step 3: Calculate the area of the triangle. The triangle has a base of 1 second (from t = 0 to t = 1) and a height of 20 m/s (velocity at t = 1). Use the formula for the area of a triangle: A = (1/2) × base × height.
Step 4: Calculate the area of the rectangle. The rectangle spans from t = 1 to t = 2 seconds, with a width of 1 second and a constant height of 20 m/s. Use the formula for the area of a rectangle: A = width × height.
Step 5: Add the areas of the triangle and rectangle. The total displacement is the sum of these areas, which represents the total area under the velocity graph from t = 0 to t = 2 seconds.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Velocity and Displacement

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, indicating how fast an object is moving in a specific direction. Displacement, on the other hand, is the overall change in position of the object, which can be calculated by integrating the velocity function over a given time interval. In this context, understanding the relationship between velocity and displacement is crucial for solving the problem.
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Using The Velocity Function

Area Under the Curve

In a velocity-time graph, the displacement of an object can be determined by calculating the area under the velocity curve between two time points. Each segment of the graph represents a different velocity, and the area can be computed using geometric shapes such as rectangles and triangles. This geometric approach simplifies the process of finding displacement without needing to perform calculus directly.
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Estimating the Area Under a Curve with Right Endpoints & Midpoint

Geometric Shapes in Graphs

When analyzing a velocity graph, different segments can form various geometric shapes, such as rectangles and triangles. The area of these shapes corresponds to the displacement during specific time intervals. For example, a rectangle's area is calculated as base times height, while a triangle's area is one-half base times height, allowing for straightforward calculations of displacement based on the graph's features.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

{Use of Tech} Midpoint Riemann sums with a calculator Consider the following definite integrals.

(b) Evaluate each sum using a calculator with n = 20, 50, and 100. Use these values to estimate the value of the integral.


∫₁⁴ 2√𝓍 d𝓍

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Textbook Question

{Use of Tech} Riemann sums for larger values of n Complete the following steps for the given function f and interval.


ƒ(𝓍) = 3 √x on [0,4] ; n = 40

(b) Based on the approximations found in part (a), estimate the area of the region bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis on the interval.

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Textbook Question

Properties of integrals Use only the fact that ∫₀⁴ 3𝓍 (4 ―𝓍) d𝓍 = 32, and the definitions and properties of integrals, to evaluate the following integrals, if possible.

(b) ∫₀⁴ 𝓍(𝓍 ― 4) d(𝓍)

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Textbook Question

{Use of Tech} Approximating net area The following functions are positive and negative on the given interval.


f(x) = sin 2x on [0,3π/4]


(b) Approximate the net area bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis on the interval using a left, right, and midpoint Riemann sum with n = 4.

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Textbook Question

{Use of Tech} Approximating definite integrals with a calculator Consider the following definite integrals.

(b) Evaluate each sum using a calculator with n = 20, 50, and 100. Use these values to estimate the value of the integral.


∫₀¹ cos ⁻¹ 𝓍 d𝓍

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Textbook Question

Explain why or why not Determine whether the following statements are true and give an explanation or counterexample.

(b) If ƒ is a linear function on the interval [a,b] , then a midpoint Riemann sums give the exact value of ∫ₐᵇ ƒ(𝓍) d𝓍, for any positive integer n. 

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