Write equations showing how each weak base ionizes water to form OH^–. Also write the corresponding expression for K_b. a. CO₃^2–

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the weak base in the problem, which is the carbonate ion \( \text{CO}_3^{2-} \).
2. Write the ionization equation for the weak base reacting with water: \( \text{CO}_3^{2-} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HCO}_3^- + \text{OH}^- \).
3. Recognize that the equilibrium involves the formation of hydroxide ions \( \text{OH}^- \), indicating the basic nature of the reaction.
4. Write the expression for the base ionization constant \( K_b \) using the concentrations of the products and reactants: \( K_b = \frac{[\text{HCO}_3^-][\text{OH}^-]}{[\text{CO}_3^{2-}]} \).
5. Understand that \( K_b \) provides a measure of the strength of the base, with larger values indicating stronger bases.

Key Concepts

Weak Bases

Weak bases are substances that partially ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). Unlike strong bases, which completely dissociate, weak bases establish an equilibrium between the undissociated base and its ions in solution. This characteristic is crucial for understanding their behavior in aqueous solutions and their role in acid-base chemistry.

Ionization of Water

The ionization of water refers to the process where water molecules dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). This equilibrium is essential for understanding the pH of solutions and the behavior of acids and bases. In the context of weak bases, the ionization of water is a key step in the formation of OH- when a weak base interacts with water.

Base Ionization Constant (Kb)

The base ionization constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a weak base in solution. It is defined as the equilibrium constant for the reaction of the base with water, producing hydroxide ions. The Kb expression is derived from the concentrations of the products and reactants at equilibrium, providing insight into the extent of ionization and the base's ability to accept protons.