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Mendel's Experiments and Laws definitions

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  • Gregor Mendel
    An Austrian monk recognized as the founder of genetics through systematic experiments with pea plants.
  • Pea Plants
    Model organisms chosen for genetic studies due to ease of breeding and availability of pure lines.
  • Pure Line
    A group where all offspring consistently display the same trait as their parents across generations.
  • Parental Generation
    The initial group in a genetic cross, serving as the starting point for observing inheritance patterns.
  • First Filial Generation
    The immediate offspring resulting from the mating of the parental generation, often labeled F1.
  • Second Filial Generation
    The group produced by self-mating or crossing F1 individuals, commonly labeled F2.
  • Self Mating
    A process where an organism fertilizes itself, commonly used in plant genetics to analyze inheritance.
  • Cross Fertilization
    A technique where pollen from one plant fertilizes another, enabling genetic variation studies.
  • Trait
    A specific characteristic, such as seed color, observed and tracked across generations in genetic studies.
  • Gene
    A hereditary factor responsible for determining a particular trait, existing in different forms.
  • Allele
    A variant form of a gene, such as those determining yellow or green seed color in pea plants.
  • Dominant
    A form of an allele that masks the presence of another, resulting in its trait being expressed.
  • Recessive
    A form of an allele whose trait is only expressed when two copies are present, often masked by a dominant allele.
  • Law of Segregation
    A principle stating that alleles separate during meiosis, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
  • Law of Dominance
    A rule explaining that one allele can mask the effect of another, leading to dominant and recessive trait patterns.