Textbook Question
What are the different chromatin classifications, and what is their relationship to gene expression?
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Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 13, Problem 15
What are the sources of dsRNA? Diagram the mechanisms by which dsRNAs are produced and processed into small RNAs.
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Identify the sources of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can include viral replication intermediates, transcription of inverted repeat sequences, and bidirectional transcription of overlapping genes.
Understand that dsRNA is recognized by the cellular machinery as a signal for RNA interference (RNAi) pathways, which are crucial for regulating gene expression and defending against viral infections.
Diagram the initial recognition of dsRNA by the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves the dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), typically 20-25 nucleotides in length.
Illustrate the incorporation of these small RNAs into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), where one strand of the small RNA (the guide strand) is retained and the other strand (the passenger strand) is degraded.
Show how the RISC, guided by the small RNA, binds to complementary mRNA targets, leading to mRNA degradation or translational repression, effectively silencing the gene expression.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a type of RNA that consists of two complementary strands, similar to the structure of DNA. It is often produced during viral infections or as a byproduct of certain cellular processes. dsRNA plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and the immune response, particularly in the context of RNA interference (RNAi).
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RNA interference (RNAi)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by targeting specific mRNA for degradation. This process is initiated by the presence of dsRNA, which is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) by the enzyme Dicer. RNAi is a vital mechanism for regulating gene expression and defending against viral infections.
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RNA Interference
Dicer and RISC complex
Dicer is an enzyme that processes long dsRNA into short double-stranded fragments known as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs are then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which uses the siRNA as a guide to recognize and degrade complementary mRNA. This mechanism is essential for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and the cellular response to dsRNA.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Define epigenetics, and provide examples illustrating your definition.
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Textbook Question
What is one proposed role for lncRNAs?
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Textbook Question
How does dsRNA lead to posttranscriptonal gene silencing?
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Textbook Question
A hereditary disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait1. The wild-type allele of the disease gene produces a mature mRNA that is 1250 nucleotides (nt) long. Molecular analysis shows that the mature mRNA consists of four exons that measure 400 nt (exon 1), 320 nt (exon 2), 230 nt (exon 3), and 300 nt (exon 4). A mother and father with two healthy children and two children with the disease have northern blot analysis performed in a medical genetics laboratory. The results of the northern blot for each family member are shown here. Identify the genotype of each family member, using the sizes of mRNAs to indicate each allele. (For example, a person who is homozygous wild type is indicated as '1250/1250.')
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Textbook Question
A hereditary disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait1. The wild-type allele of the disease gene produces a mature mRNA that is 1250 nucleotides (nt) long. Molecular analysis shows that the mature mRNA consists of four exons that measure 400 nt (exon 1), 320 nt (exon 2), 230 nt (exon 3), and 300 nt (exon 4). A mother and father with two healthy children and two children with the disease have northern blot analysis performed in a medical genetics laboratory. The results of the northern blot for each family member are shown here. Based on your analysis, what is the most likely molecular abnormality causing the disease allele?
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