Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Sanders - Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach 3rd Edition

Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook

Sanders 3rd Edition

Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Problem 2a

Chapter 3, Problem 2a

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
End of mitotic telophase

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the diploid number (2n) represents the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of the organism. For chimpanzees, this is 48 chromosomes.

Recall that during mitosis, the goal is to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same diploid number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

At the end of mitotic telophase, the chromosomes have been separated into two groups, one for each forming daughter cell. However, the cell has not yet fully divided (cytokinesis has not occurred).

Each group of chromosomes in the forming daughter cells will have the same diploid number as the parent cell, which is 48 chromosomes.

Conclude that at the end of mitotic telophase, each forming daughter cell contains 48 chromosomes, and the total number of chromosomes in the entire cell (before cytokinesis) is 96 (48 in each group).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Diploid Number

The diploid number (2n) refers to the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, where chromosomes exist in pairs. In the case of chimpanzees, the diploid number is 48, meaning there are 24 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This concept is crucial for understanding how chromosomes are distributed during cell division.

M Phase of Cell Cycle

The M phase, or mitotic phase, is the part of the cell cycle where cell division occurs, including mitosis and cytokinesis. During this phase, the cell undergoes several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, leading to the separation of sister chromatids and the formation of two daughter cells. Understanding the M phase is essential for determining the number of chromosomes at various stages of cell division.

Mitotic Telophase

Mitotic telophase is the final stage of mitosis, where the separated sister chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell and begin to decondense back into chromatin. At the end of telophase, the cell has two nuclei, each containing the same diploid number of chromosomes as the original cell. Therefore, at the end of mitotic telophase in chimpanzees, there would be 48 chromosomes in each daughter nucleus.

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For the retinal cancer retinoblastoma, the inheritance of one mutated copy of RB1 from one of the parents is often referred to as a mutation that produces a 'dominant predisposition to cancer.' This means that the first mutation does not produce cancer but makes it very likely that cancer will develop.

What is the genotype of a normal cell in the retina in a person who has sporadic retinoblastoma? What is the normal cell genotype if the person has hereditary retinoblastoma? Explain the reason for the difference between the genotypes.

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Textbook Question

From a piece of blank paper, cut out three sets of four cigar-shaped structures (a total of 12 structures). These will represent chromatids. Be sure each member of a set of four chromatids has the same length and girth. In set one, label two chromatids 'A' and two chromatids 'a.' Cut each of these chromatids about halfway across near their midpoint and slide the two 'A' chromatids together at the cuts, to form a single set of attached sister chromatids. Do the same for the 'a' chromatids. In the second set of four chromatids, label two 'B' and two 'b.' Cut and slide these together as you did for the first set, joining the 'B' chromatids together and the 'b' chromatids together. Repeat this process for the third set of chromatids, labeling them as 'D' and 'd.' You now have models for three pairs of homologous chromosomes, for a total of six chromosomes. Align the chromosomes as they might appear at metaphase I of meiosis.

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Textbook Question

Examine the following diagrams of cells from an organism with diploid number 2n=6, and identify what stage of M phase is represented.

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

Meiotic metaphase I

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

End of meiotic anaphase II

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

Early mitotic prophase

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Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.End of mitotic telophase

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Key Concepts

Diploid Number

M Phase of Cell Cycle

Mitotic Telophase

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
End of mitotic telophase