Textbook Question
Draw the structures of the products formed when the following compounds react with a reducing agent.
a.
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Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 15, Problem 46
What two products result from the complete hydrolysis of this cyclic acetal?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the structure of the cyclic acetal in the image. Cyclic acetals are formed when a carbon atom is bonded to two -OR groups (alkoxy groups) and one -R group (alkyl group). This structure is typically derived from the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a diol.
Understand the concept of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a reaction where water breaks chemical bonds. In the case of cyclic acetals, hydrolysis breaks the acetal bond, regenerating the original carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) and the diol used to form the acetal.
Determine the carbonyl compound. Look at the carbon atom in the cyclic acetal that is bonded to the two -OR groups. When hydrolyzed, this carbon will revert to its original carbonyl form (C=O), either as an aldehyde or ketone, depending on the structure.
Determine the diol. The two -OR groups in the cyclic acetal are derived from a diol. Identify the diol by examining the two oxygen atoms in the cyclic structure and the carbon chain connecting them.
Write the products of the reaction. The complete hydrolysis of the cyclic acetal will yield the carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) and the diol. Ensure the chemical structures are balanced and consistent with the original cyclic acetal.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cyclic Acetal Structure
Cyclic acetals are formed from the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with alcohols, resulting in a stable ring structure. Understanding the molecular structure of cyclic acetals is crucial for predicting their behavior during hydrolysis, as the ring must be opened to revert to the original carbonyl compound and alcohol.
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Hydrolysis Reaction
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breakdown of a compound by water. In the case of cyclic acetals, hydrolysis leads to the cleavage of the acetal bond, resulting in the formation of the corresponding carbonyl compound and alcohol. Recognizing the conditions under which hydrolysis occurs is essential for determining the products.
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Products of Hydrolysis
The complete hydrolysis of a cyclic acetal typically yields a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) and an alcohol. Identifying these products requires knowledge of the specific acetal structure and the nature of the original carbonyl compound. This understanding is vital for predicting the outcome of the hydrolysis reaction.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write the structures of the hemiacetal or hemiketal that result from reactions (a) and (b). Write the structures of the complete hydrolysis products of the acetal or ketal in (c) and (d).
a. Acetone + Ethanol → ?
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Textbook Question
Cyclic hemiacetals commonly form if a molecule has both an alcohol group and a carbonyl group elsewhere in the same molecule, especially if they are four or five carbons apart. What is the structure of the hydroxy aldehyde from which this hemiacetal might form?
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Textbook Question
Acetals and ketals are usually made by reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with two molecules of a monoalcohol. If an aldehyde or ketone reacts with one molecule of a dialcohol, however, a cyclic acetal or ketal results.
b. Draw the cyclic ketal formed when the hemiketal from part (a) reacts with the ―OH labeled in blue.
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Textbook Question
Aldosterone is a key steroid involved in controlling the sodium–potassium balance in the body. Identify the functional groups in aldosterone.
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Textbook Question
The compound carvone is responsible for the odor of spearmint. Identify the functional groups in carvone.
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