Textbook Question
The cofactors NAD+, Cu2+, Zn2+, coenzyme A, FAD, and Ni2+ are all needed by your body for enzymatic reactions.
a. Which cofactors are coenzymes?
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Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 19, Problem 5a
Name the enzyme whose substrate is
a. Urea
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The question asks for the name of the enzyme that acts on urea as its substrate. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by binding to specific substrates.
Step 2: Recall the naming convention for enzymes. Enzymes are often named based on the substrate they act upon, followed by the suffix '-ase'.
Step 3: Identify the substrate in this case. The substrate provided in the problem is urea, a compound commonly found in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Step 4: Determine the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of urea. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is named based on the substrate (urea) and the suffix '-ase'.
Step 5: Conclude that the enzyme acting on urea is called 'urease'. Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Urease
Urease is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This enzyme is crucial in the nitrogen cycle, as it helps in the breakdown of urea, a waste product from protein metabolism, into less toxic substances. Urease is found in various organisms, including bacteria, plants, and some animals, playing a significant role in soil fertility and the detoxification of urea.
Enzyme-Substrate Specificity
Enzyme-substrate specificity refers to the unique interaction between an enzyme and its specific substrate, which is determined by the enzyme's active site shape and chemical properties. This specificity ensures that enzymes catalyze only particular reactions, leading to efficient metabolic processes. Understanding this concept is essential for identifying which enzyme acts on a given substrate, such as urease acting on urea.
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2:32
Enzyme-Substrate Complex Concept 1
Catalysis
Catalysis is the process by which a substance, known as a catalyst, increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This concept is fundamental in biochemistry, as it explains how enzymes like urease accelerate the conversion of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.
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1:17Coupled Reactions Example 3
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Describe the reactions that you would expect these enzymes to catalyze.
b. Aspartate transaminase
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Textbook Question
Identify and describe the chemical change in the lyase-catalyzed reaction in Table 19.4 that involves fumarate and malate. Identify the substrate(s) and product(s).
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Textbook Question
Which of the following reactions can be catalyzed by a decarboxylase?
a.
b.
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Textbook Question
What do we mean when we say an enzyme is saturated with substrate? When an enzyme is saturated with substrate, how does adding more (a) substrate and (b) enzyme affect the rate of the reaction?
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