Textbook Question
Look at the eight steps of the citric acid cycle (Figure 21.8) and answer the following questions:
b. Which steps involve decarboxylation (loss of CO2)?
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Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of GOBISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
Chapter 21, Problem 57
Which reactions of the citric acid cycle transfer energy as FADH2?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the role of FADH2 in the citric acid cycle: FADH2 is a high-energy electron carrier that is produced during specific oxidation reactions in the cycle. It transfers electrons to the electron transport chain, contributing to ATP production.
Recall the specific reaction in the citric acid cycle where FADH2 is generated: This occurs during the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, catalyzed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
Understand the chemical process: In this reaction, succinate loses two hydrogen atoms (oxidation), and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is reduced to FADH2 by accepting these hydrogen atoms.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH2. This shows the conversion of succinate to fumarate and the simultaneous reduction of FAD to FADH2.
Recognize the significance of this step: The FADH2 produced in this reaction will later donate its electrons to the electron transport chain, specifically at Complex II, contributing to the generation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of enzymatic reactions that occur in the mitochondria. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration by oxidizing acetyl-CoA to produce energy carriers, including NADH and FADH2, which are essential for ATP production in the electron transport chain.
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Citric Acid Cycle Summary Concept 12
FADH2 Production
FADH2 is a reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and serves as an important electron carrier in the citric acid cycle. It is produced during specific reactions, such as the conversion of succinate to fumarate, where FAD is reduced to FADH2, capturing energy that can later be used to generate ATP.
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Energy Transfer in Metabolism
Energy transfer in metabolism refers to the process by which energy stored in nutrients is converted into usable forms, primarily ATP. In the context of the citric acid cycle, the transfer of electrons from FADH2 to the electron transport chain is a key step in this process, ultimately leading to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Look at the eight steps of the citric acid cycle (Figure 21.8) and answer the following questions:
c. Which step or steps involve a hydration reaction?
507
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Textbook Question
How many NADH and how many FADH2 molecules are formed in the citric acid cycle?
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Textbook Question
Which reactions of the citric acid cycle transfer energy as NADH?
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Textbook Question
What are the two primary functions of the electron-transport chain?
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Textbook Question
What two coenzymes are involved with initial events of the electron-transport chain?
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