Indietro
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid DerivativesProblema 34
Excess ammonia must be used when a primary amine is synthesized by reductive amination. What product will be obtained if the reaction is carried out with excess carbonyl compound?
Problema 35a
The compounds commonly known as 'amino acids' are actually α-aminocarboxylic-aminocarboxylic acids. What carbonyl compounds should be used to synthesize the two amino acids shown here?
a.
Problema 35b
The compounds commonly known as 'amino acids' are actually α-aminocarboxylic-aminocarboxylic acids. What carbonyl compounds should be used to synthesize the two amino acids shown here?
b.
Problema 36
Hydration of an aldehyde is also catalyzed by hydroxide ion. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.
Problema 37
Which ketone forms the most hydrate in an aqueous solution?
Problema 39(4)
Which of the following are a. hemiacetals? b. acetals? c. hydrates?
4.
Problema 39(3)
Which of the following are a. hemiacetals? b. acetals? c. hydrates?
3.
Problema 39(2)
Which of the following are a. hemiacetals? b. acetals? c. hydrates?
2.
Problema 39(1)
Which of the following are a. hemiacetals? b. acetals? c. hydrates?
1.
Problema 40c
Can the rate of hydrate formation be increased by hydroxide ion as well as by acid? Explain.
Problema 42a
What would have been the product of the preceding reaction with LiAlH4 if the keto group had not been protected?
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Problema 42b
What reagent could you use to reduce only the keto group?
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Problema 43
Explain why acetals do not react with nucleophiles.
Problema 45b
What would the yield be if two more steps (each with an 80% yield) were added to the synthesis?
Problema 46a
Show how each of the following compounds could be prepared from the given starting material. Each requires a protecting group.
a.
Problema 46b
Show how each of the following compounds could be prepared from the given starting material. Each requires a protecting group.
b.
Problema 46c
Show how each of the following compounds could be prepared from the given starting material. Each requires a protecting group.
c.
Problema 47c,d
What is the product of each of the following reactions?
c.
d.
Problema 48c
What is the best set of reagents to use for the synthesis?
Problema 49a(1)
What two sets of reagents (each consisting of a carbonyl compound and phosphonium ylide) can be used for the synthesis of the following alkene?
1.
Problema 49c(2)
What is the best set of reagents to use for the synthesis?
2.
Problema 50a
Using bromocyclohexane as a starting material, how could you synthesize the following compounds?
a.
Problema 50c
Using bromocyclohexane as a starting material, how could you synthesize the following compounds?
c.
Problema 50d
Using bromocyclohexane as a starting material, how could you synthesize the following compounds?
d.
Problema 51a
What is the major product of each of the following reactions?
a.
Problema 51b
What is the major product of each of the following reactions?
b.
Problema 51c,d
What is the major product of each of the following reactions?
c.
d.
Problema 52a
What is the major product of each of the following reactions?
a.
Problema 52b
What is the major product of each of the following reactions?
b.
Problema 54b
What are the products of the following reactions?
b.
