Give the IUPAC names of the following alkanes.
(a) CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. This will determine the base name of the alkane. Count the number of carbon atoms in this chain.
2. Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first branch point. This ensures the lowest possible numbers for substituents.
3. Step 3: Identify and name the substituents (branches) attached to the main chain. These are typically alkyl groups such as methyl (CH₃) or ethyl (C₂H₅).
4. Step 4: Assign a number to each substituent based on the carbon atom it is attached to in the main chain. Use these numbers to indicate the position of each substituent.
5. Step 5: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alkane, using the numbers to indicate their positions. Arrange substituents alphabetically and use prefixes like di-, tri- if there are multiple identical substituents.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the chain to give substituents the lowest possible numbers, and naming substituents as prefixes. This ensures consistency and clarity in chemical communication.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, with the general formula CnH2n+2. Understanding the structure of alkanes is crucial for naming them, as it involves recognizing the main carbon chain and any branching substituents. Alkanes are named based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain.

Substituent Identification

Substituents are groups of atoms attached to the main carbon chain in an organic molecule. Identifying and naming substituents correctly is essential for IUPAC nomenclature. Common substituents include alkyl groups like methyl (CH3-) and ethyl (C2H5-), which are named and numbered based on their position on the main chain to ensure accurate chemical identification.