1. A Review of General Chemistry

PRACTICE: Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following atoms.

Choose the larger atom in each pair.

(d) N or S

PRACTICE: Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following atoms.

Oxygen has three isotopes, ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O, and ¹⁸O. The atomic number of oxygen is 8. How many protons and neutrons does each of the isotopes have?

Chlorine exists as one of two isotopes with atomic masses of 34.969 amu (³⁵Cl) and 36.966 amu (³⁷Cl) . Calculate the relative abundance of ³⁵Cl and ³⁷Cl based on the average atomic mass of 35.453 amu.

Write the ground-state electronic configuration for chlorine (atomic number 17), bromine (atomic number 35), and iodine (atomic number 53).

How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?

(b) Iodine

Choose the larger atom in each pair.

(b) O or F

Draw the ground-state electronic configuration for each of the following:

b. Ca²⁺

How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?

(a) Oxygen

A chemistry student drew the following incorrect electron configuration for carbon. (a) Correct the diagram.

Why is argon considered to be so stable that it is referred to as a noble gas?

Give the electron configuration of the following elements.

(d) F

Would you expect electrons in the 2s or 3s orbital to be more reactive? Why?