8. Elimination Reactions

Which of the following species is the least nucleophilic?

Which is a better nucleophile?

c. CH₃O⁻ or CH₃OH in H₂O

For each pair, predict the stronger nucleophile in the SN2 reaction (using an alcohol as the solvent). Explain your prediction.

e. (CH₃)₃N or (CH₃)₂O

f. CH₃COO^– or CF₃COO^–

For each pair, predict the stronger nucleophile in the SN2 reaction (using an alcohol as the solvent). Explain your prediction.

c. NH₃ or PH₃

d. CH₃S^– or H₂S

[FIGURE: KEY MECHANISM 7-1]

Show what happens in step 2 of the example if the solvent acts as a nucleophile (forming a bond to carbon) rather than as a base (removing a proton).

a. Which is a stronger base: RO⁻ or RS⁻?

b. Which is a better nucleophile in an aqueous solution?

c. Which is a better nucleophile in DMSO?

Which is a better nucleophile?

e. HO⁻ or ^-NH₂ in NH₃

f. HO⁻ or ^-NH₂ in DMSO

Which member of each pair is a better nucleophile in methanol?

e. I⁻ or Br⁻

f. Cl⁻ or Br⁻

Rank the following species in each set from best nucleophile to poorest nucleophile.

c. H₂O and NH₃ in methanol

d. Br⁻, Cl⁻, I⁻ in methanol

How does the ratio of substitution product to elimination product formed from the reaction of propyl ­bromide with CH₃O⁻ in methanol change if the nucleophile is changed to CH₃S⁻?

Which is a better nucleophile?

d. CH₃O⁻ or CH₃OH in DMSO

Rank the following species in each set from best nucleophile to poorest nucleophile.

a.

Rank the following species in each set from best nucleophile to poorest nucleophile.

b.